Resumen :
Cada vez son más los casos de pacientes que informan de secuelas a largo plazo tras haber superado la COVID-19. Entre ellas, cobra importancia la taquicardia posCOVID-19, que incluye síndromes disautonómicos como la taquicardia sinusal inapropiada (IST) o el síndrome de taquicardia postural ortostá... Ver más
There is a growing number of cases where patients report long-term consequences after overcoming COVID-19. Among them, post-COVID-19 tachycardia becomes significant, encompassing dysautonomic syndromes such as inappropriate sinus tachycardia (IST) or postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS). The aim of this review is to examine the current evidence regarding these syndromes and the physiopathological mechanisms that may lead to their development, as well as the optimal approach to diagnosis and recommended therapeutic strategies. To achieve this goal, the PubMed database and external sources were utilized, recruiting a total of 22 studies that were carefully examined. According to these articles and based on heart rate variability (HRV), post-COVID-19 tachycardia syndrome could result from damage to the autonomic nervous system (ANS) by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, through both direct and indirect mechanisms, ultimately causing a defect in the predominantly parasympathetic system, with compensatory sympathetic activity increase, which largely explains the symptoms in these patients. In order to ensure the best possible quality of life, it is important to detect this syndrome early through a comprehensive medical history and physical examination, paying special attention to orthostatic or dysautonomic symptoms such as headache, palpitations, instability, or fatigue, along with a cardiological evaluation. Currently, there is no approved treatment for post-COVID-19 tachycardia. Published studies have predominantly used non-pharmacological measures (increased fluid and salt intake, compression stockings), which have mostly proven ineffective, and pharmacological measures, showing a positive impact on patient symptoms. Among the latter, drugs such as ivabradine, beta-blockers, and mineralocorticoids stand out. Given the limited available information, there is an urgent need for more research on post-COVID-19 tachycardia syndrome regarding its epidemiology, physiopathology, and treatment.
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