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Mecanismos de scheduling para la integración de redes 5G y TSN en entornos de la Industria 4.0


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Título :
Mecanismos de scheduling para la integración de redes 5G y TSN en entornos de la Industria 4.0
Autor :
Larrañaga Zumeta, Ana
Tutor:
Lucas-Estañ, M. Carmen  
SEMPERE, JAVIER  
Martínez Coca, Manuel
Editor :
Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche
Departamento:
Departamentos de la UMH::Ingeniería de Comunicaciones
Fecha de publicación:
2023-10-26
URI :
https://hdl.handle.net/11000/31550
Resumen :
La Industria 4.0 busca la digitalización y la automatización de las fábricas convencionales para poder ofrecer sistemas de fabricación más personalizados, eficientes y sin defectos. Este nuevo paradigma requiere de redes de comunicaciones flexibles y con capacidad de adaptación y reconfiguración, c...  Ver más
Industry 4.0 seeks to digitize and automate conventional factories in order to provide more personalized, efficient, and zero-defect manufacturing systems. This new paradigm requires flexible, adaptive, and reconfigurable communications networks, capable to efficiently adapt to the changing production demands. In addition, emerging industrial applications will require communications with low latency and high reliability, and with a high degree of determinism. Time Sensitive Networking (TSN) is becoming the standard Ethernet-based technology to support services with deterministic and ultra-reliable requirements. Despite its advantages, TSN has limitations in terms of flexibility, adaptability, and support for mobile nodes, which are essential for future industries. The 5th generation mobile network (5G) has been designed to provide ultra-reliable and lowlatency communications. However, 5G cannot guarantee the determinism that a wired network offers. Hence, the integration of 5G and TSN networks will be key to achieve the determinism and flexibility demanded by Industry 4.0. Research on integrated 5G-TSN networks is in early stages, and there is still work to be done to achieve the integration of 5G and TSN networks to fully meet the requirements of Industry 4.0. One critical aspect to achieve the integration of both networks is the coordination of their schedulers. In this context, this thesis focuses on the study and proposal of novel scheduling schemes to guarantee the coordination of 5G and TSN networks. The aim of the thesis is to advance towards the efficient and effective integration of 5G and TSN networks. For this purpose, this thesis has first analyzed the topology of the integrated 5G-TSN network, as well as the requirements of the different data flows to be transmitted. Using this information, the TSN network decides the path and the scheduling for each TSN flow. The 5G scheduling scheme must coordinate its decision with TSN scheduling to ensure end-to-end latency and determinism requirements. To achieve this, this thesis proposes novel scheduling schemes for the support of periodic deterministic TSN traffic in 5G networks. The proposed scheduling schemes are based on Configured Grant (CG) scheduling defined in 5G New Radio (NR) that pre-allocates periodic radio resources to each User Equipment (UE). The proposed schemes consider the management of multiple TSN flows with different periodicities. The objective of these scheduling schemes is to guarantee the latency and determinism requirements for all TSN flows in the 5G network and to minimize the latency experienced by these TSN flows. This thesis proposes two scheduling schemes based on optimization and heuristic approaches, respectively. The results conclude that the proposed schemes outperform the state-of-the-art in the capacity to support multiple TSN flows with different periodicities. The proposal based on a heuristic algorithm is able to achieve similar performance as the one based on the use of optimization techniques while considerably decreasing the computational cost. The proposed scheduling schemes aim to find the best possible solution, which can result in the number of configured grants assigned to a TSN flow exceeding the maximum allowed by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) standard. To address this, this thesis defines and proposes the use of an activation vector that indicates the configured grant that is active for the transmission of each packet of a TSN flow. This vector is introduced in the mechanism defined in the 3GPP standards to identify the radio resources allocated for the transmission of each packet. It is important to note that the configured grants assigned to a TSN flow can be enabled and disabled by the Next Generation Node B (gNB) during a session. The use of this activation vector then avoids the exchange of messages between the UE and the gNB to enable and disable the different configured grants allocated to a TSN flow. This vector is used to coordinate the access of UEs to the radio resources and avoid scheduling conflicts (the allocation of the same radio resources to transmit different packets) that can happen with state-of-the-art scheduling schemes. This thesis then proposes a new scheduling scheme that considers the use of this activation vector. Similar to the previous proposals, this scheme aims to guarantee the end-to-end latency requirements for all the TSN flows in the integrated 5G-TSN network. The results show that this scheduler guarantees the transmission of the same number of flows as the previously proposed heuristic scheduler while complying with the number of configured grants that can be established according to 3GPP standards.Finally, as part of this thesis, the preparation of the ns-3 5G-LENA simulator for lowlatency communications has also been carried out. In particular, the CG mechanism has been implemented in 5G-LENA. To accurately model the flexibility of 5G NR, the implementation of Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) in 5GLENA has also been improved, and different scheduling policies for Industry 4.0 scenarios have been implemented. The previous developments have been validated by comparing the latencies obtained in the simulator with the latencies obtained in different analytical studies.
Notas:
Programa de Doctorado en Tecnologías Industriales y de Telecomunicación
Palabras clave/Materias:
redes
comunicaciones
Área de conocimiento :
CDU: Ciencias aplicadas: Ingeniería. Tecnología
Tipo de documento :
info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis
Derechos de acceso:
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 Internacional
Aparece en las colecciones:
Tesis doctorales - Ciencias e Ingenierías



Creative Commons La licencia se describe como: Atribución-NonComercial-NoDerivada 4.0 Internacional.