Title: Trastorno Del Espectro Autista y Alteraciones en la Escala de Brazelton en Recién Nacidos Prematuros |
Authors: Gómez Martínez, María |
Tutor: García Cantó, Eva María Palazón Azorín, Inmaculada |
Editor: Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche |
Department: Departamentos de la UMH::Farmacología, Pediatría y Química Orgánica |
Issue Date: 2023-05-13 |
URI: https://hdl.handle.net/11000/29684 |
Abstract:
Contexto: El trastorno del espectro autista (TEA) es un trastorno del neurodesarrollo que afecta
a la comunicación e interacción social del individuo. En la población global, presenta una
prevalencia del 1%, viéndose esta aumentada en aquella población con antecedentes de
prematuridad y muy bajo pe... Ver más
Context: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that affects an
individual's communication and social interaction. In the global population, it has a prevalence
of 1%, which is increased in populations with a history of prematurity and very low birth weight
(VLBW). ASD symptoms may be present from the beginning or present a regressive pattern,
which means that after a period of asymptomatic development, symptoms appear at some point
in their evolution, usually between the first and second year of life. Behavioral disturbances are
usually evident in the preschool stage when children begin to be exposed to social situations. In
all cases, it will affect the child's later functionality, so it is essential to establish an early diagnosis
and implement a multidisciplinary approach to ensure appropriate neurodevelopment.
Objective: To analyze to what extent it is possible to have early indicators of the presence of
ASD in children with low birth weight. Specifically, the relationship between scores that children
with low birth weight obtain in the Habituation and Social Interaction dimensions of the
Brazelton Scale in the neonatal period and the evaluation of the clinical situation of these
children at the age of 6, according to DSM-5 and considering the scores obtained in the Social
Communication Questionnaire (SCQ) will be studied.
As secondary objectives, the clinical perinatal characteristics of children with a diagnosis of ASD
and/or qualitative alterations specific to this disorder within the population of newborns will be
sought.
Methods: Retrospective cohort observational study with repeated measures on a population of
61 low birth weight newborns, in which scores were collected from the Brazelton Scale when
they reach term age (40 weeks corrected age) and compared with those obtained in the
Habituation and Social Interaction dimensions of this scale with those obtained in the social and
language areas of the Brunet-Lézine Scale at 18 and 28 months, and subsequently with the
results of their clinical evaluation according to DSM-5 and the scores obtained in the Social
Communication Questionnaire (SCQ) at the age of 6. In addition, in the ASD group, their characteristics, comorbidities, and cognitive profile are
analyzed using the scores obtained from the Wechsler Intelligence Scale.
Results: Of the total of 61 low birth weight newborns included in the study, 21% presented
qualitative symptoms characteristic of Autism Spectrum Disorder, and of those, one (2%) met
diagnostic criteria for ASD according to DSM-5.
A statistically significant relationship (p=0.015) was found between those children who had low
scores in the "Social Interaction" dimension of the Brazelton Scale and those with "qualitative
symptoms and/or ASD diagnosis" at the age of 6-7.
The group with qualitative symptoms characteristic of ASD presented patent ductus arteriosus
and sepsis as neonatal comorbidities, and the study of their cognitive profile showed values in
the normal range.
Conclusions: The Social dimension of the Brazelton Scale could be an indicator of a possible
diagnosis of ASD from an early age, around 40 weeks of corrected age. An increase in the
prevalence of ASD in the population of low-birth-weight newborns (2-21%) was found.
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Keywords/Subjects: trastorno del espectro autista (TEA) prematuridad y bajo peso al nacimiento (MBPN) indicadores precoces interacción social escala de Brazelton |
Knowledge area: CDU: Ciencias aplicadas: Medicina |
Type of document: info:eu-repo/semantics/bachelorThesis |
Access rights: info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
Appears in Collections: TFG- Medicina
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