Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://hdl.handle.net/11000/29684

Trastorno Del Espectro Autista y Alteraciones en la Escala de Brazelton en Recién Nacidos Prematuros


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Title:
Trastorno Del Espectro Autista y Alteraciones en la Escala de Brazelton en Recién Nacidos Prematuros
Authors:
Gómez Martínez, María
Tutor:
García Cantó, Eva María
Palazón Azorín, Inmaculada
Editor:
Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche
Department:
Departamentos de la UMH::Farmacología, Pediatría y Química Orgánica
Issue Date:
2023-05-13
URI:
https://hdl.handle.net/11000/29684
Abstract:
Contexto: El trastorno del espectro autista (TEA) es un trastorno del neurodesarrollo que afecta a la comunicación e interacción social del individuo. En la población global, presenta una prevalencia del 1%, viéndose esta aumentada en aquella población con antecedentes de prematuridad y muy bajo pe...  Ver más
Context: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that affects an individual's communication and social interaction. In the global population, it has a prevalence of 1%, which is increased in populations with a history of prematurity and very low birth weight (VLBW). ASD symptoms may be present from the beginning or present a regressive pattern, which means that after a period of asymptomatic development, symptoms appear at some point in their evolution, usually between the first and second year of life. Behavioral disturbances are usually evident in the preschool stage when children begin to be exposed to social situations. In all cases, it will affect the child's later functionality, so it is essential to establish an early diagnosis and implement a multidisciplinary approach to ensure appropriate neurodevelopment. Objective: To analyze to what extent it is possible to have early indicators of the presence of ASD in children with low birth weight. Specifically, the relationship between scores that children with low birth weight obtain in the Habituation and Social Interaction dimensions of the Brazelton Scale in the neonatal period and the evaluation of the clinical situation of these children at the age of 6, according to DSM-5 and considering the scores obtained in the Social Communication Questionnaire (SCQ) will be studied. As secondary objectives, the clinical perinatal characteristics of children with a diagnosis of ASD and/or qualitative alterations specific to this disorder within the population of newborns will be sought. Methods: Retrospective cohort observational study with repeated measures on a population of 61 low birth weight newborns, in which scores were collected from the Brazelton Scale when they reach term age (40 weeks corrected age) and compared with those obtained in the Habituation and Social Interaction dimensions of this scale with those obtained in the social and language areas of the Brunet-Lézine Scale at 18 and 28 months, and subsequently with the results of their clinical evaluation according to DSM-5 and the scores obtained in the Social Communication Questionnaire (SCQ) at the age of 6. In addition, in the ASD group, their characteristics, comorbidities, and cognitive profile are analyzed using the scores obtained from the Wechsler Intelligence Scale. Results: Of the total of 61 low birth weight newborns included in the study, 21% presented qualitative symptoms characteristic of Autism Spectrum Disorder, and of those, one (2%) met diagnostic criteria for ASD according to DSM-5. A statistically significant relationship (p=0.015) was found between those children who had low scores in the "Social Interaction" dimension of the Brazelton Scale and those with "qualitative symptoms and/or ASD diagnosis" at the age of 6-7. The group with qualitative symptoms characteristic of ASD presented patent ductus arteriosus and sepsis as neonatal comorbidities, and the study of their cognitive profile showed values in the normal range. Conclusions: The Social dimension of the Brazelton Scale could be an indicator of a possible diagnosis of ASD from an early age, around 40 weeks of corrected age. An increase in the prevalence of ASD in the population of low-birth-weight newborns (2-21%) was found.
Keywords/Subjects:
trastorno del espectro autista (TEA)
prematuridad y bajo peso al nacimiento (MBPN)
indicadores precoces
interacción social
escala de Brazelton
Knowledge area:
CDU: Ciencias aplicadas: Medicina
Type of document:
info:eu-repo/semantics/bachelorThesis
Access rights:
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Appears in Collections:
TFG- Medicina



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