Abstract:
El uso de stents como terapia puente a la cirugía en pacientes con cáncer de colon con presentación obstructiva está cobrando cada vez mayor importancia dado sus grandes beneficios a corto plazo (corrección de la desnutrición y de los trastornos electrolíticos, optimización de las comorbilidades…).... Ver más
The use of stents as a bridge therapy to surgery in patients with colon cancer with obstructive presentation is becoming increasingly important due to its great short-term benefits (correction of malnutrition and electrolyte disorders, optimization of comorbidities...). It allows patients to have the best conditions to withstand elective surgery, resulting in lower mortality and perioperative morbidity. However, there has recently been great concern about the possible worse long-term oncologic results that stents could entail, since it is believed that they could favor the dissemination of tumor cells and, therefore, worsen oncologic results.
To try to clarify whether they really worsen long-term outcomes, we analyzed articles (meta-analyses, observational studies and randomized clinical trials) comparing emergency surgery with SEMS. The intention was to use only those studies with curative intent and that took into account tumors located on the left side because the ESGE and WSES only include in their recommendations the use of SEMS in this location because this is where there is more evidence and because in the rectum it is associated with more complications (incontinence, tenesmus, migration...).
In general, the studies analyzed in this work, especially the meta-analyses, showed long-term oncologic outcomes of patients treated with SBTS similar to those who underwent emergency surgery. However, most of these studies insisted that it was not yet possible to reach a definitive conclusion on whether stents lead to worse long-term outcomes until more well-designed randomized studies were performed. In the meantime, they see no indication that their use as bridging therapy should be abandoned given their greater short-term benefits and lower incidence of permanent stomas. On the other hand, they advise that its use should be an individualized decision for each patient and that it should be multidisciplinary. To this end, age, health status, quality of life, patient preferences, availability and experience of the endoscopists, radiologists and surgeons on call should be taken into account.
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