Resumen :
Resultados: Se incluyeron 102 pacientes con artritis reumatoide que habían recibido vacunación frente al VHB en el proceso de cribado prebiológico y presentaban al menos una valoración de respuesta vacunal mediante títulos de HBsAc. Los pacientes incluidos tenían una edad media de 56,5 años (DE 10,... Ver más
Introduction: EULAR recommendations for pre-biological study include vaccination against hepatitis B virus (HBV) in those patients at risk. However, this group of patients may have a lower serological response after vaccination, requiring booster doses.
Objectives: To evaluate the response to HBV vaccination in patients with rheumatoid arthritis who are candidates for biologic treatment and who did not have HBV immunity in previous screening, as well as the association of characteristics related to the patient, the drug, the underlying pathology, the type of vaccine, the number of vaccine doses, with this vaccination response.
Methods: Patients with rheumatoid arthritis under follow-up by the Rheumatology service of the General University Hospital of Elda, with prebiological assessment by the Preventive Medicine service without previous immunity against HBV, who have been administered at least one HBV vaccine in this assessment and have at least one measurement of serological response were included.
The medical records of patients who had received biologic treatment for rheumatoid arthritis since 2010 were reviewed, selecting those who met the inclusion criteria. The standard vaccination strategy at Elda Hospital corresponds to an initial vaccination schedule of 0-1-6, followed by up to four booster doses if there is no response. Demographic data, disease, comorbidities, treatment, type and schedule of vaccination (Engerix® or Fendrix®) were collected, and the serological response was assessed, with a HBsAc titre ≥10 mIUI/mL being considered a response to the vaccine. The characteristics of the group of patients with and without vaccine response were compared.
Results: 102 patients with rheumatoid arthritis who had received HBV vaccination in the pre-biological screening process and had at least one assessment of vaccine response by HBsAc titres were included. The included patients had a mean age of 56.5 years (SD 10.5) and 72 (71%) were female.
101 patients (99%) received the initial 0-1-6 regimen (92 with Engerix B® and 9 with Fendrix®). 47 (46%) patients in total received at least one booster dose (10 with Engerix B® and 37 with Fendrix®).
Overall, 72 (71%) had a vaccine response after a mean of 4.1 (SD 1.5) doses. With the initial 0-1-6 regimen, serological response was obtained in 37 (37%). In contrast, 35 of the 47 (75%) patients with booster doses showed serological response after 1-5 booster doses. Regarding the type of vaccine, 36 (35%) of patients vaccinated with Engerix® had a vaccine response and 36 (78%) of patients vaccinated with Fendrix® had a vaccine response.
In the association analysis, patients vaccinated with Fendrix® showed a trend towards a higher response. Females showed an association with a higher response, and smokers showed a trend towards a lower vaccine response.
In multivariate analysis, none of the variables showed a significant association with no vaccine response.
Conclusions: The standard vaccination schedule (0-1-6) for HBV in patients with rheumatoid arthritis results in a lower vaccine response (37%) compared to that expected in the general population (70-95%). Subsequent booster strategies increase vaccine efficacy. The use of Fendrix® at some point in the process shows a trend towards a lower risk of not acquiring immunity, while being male is associated with a higher risk.
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