Resumen :
La enfermedad COVID-19, causada por el Coronavirus del síndrome respiratorio agudo grave tipo 2 (SARS-CoV-2), produce una enfermedad respiratoria, que puede progresar rápidamente a neumonía grave en el 10 a 15% de los pacientes. La Diabetes mellitus (DM) es considerada un factor de riesgo de mal pronóstico para la COVID19; sin embargo, el motivo por lo que esto ocurre no está bien establecido. El Objetivo del presenta trabajo fue evaluar qué factores se relacionan con la evolución a COVID 19 grave en pacientes diabéticos con COVID 19, a partir de la revisión de la literatura.
Se revisaron las bases de datos PubMed, Embase, SCOPUS, Cochrane Lybrary y Scholar Google. Se incluyeron un total de 17,110 pacientes con DM de 16 estudios elegibles. Se observó que la edad avanzada (>65 años) y sexo masculino; así como disnea, fatiga y fiebre, hiperglicemia, linfopenia, neutrofilia leucocitosis, HbA1c elevada, PCR, ferritina y dímero D elevados se relacionan con COVID 19 grave. El 25.32 % de los pacientes requirieron ingreso a UCI. La mortalidad promedio reportada fue de 22.98%.
Hipertensión arterial y enfermedad cardiovascular son las comorbilidades más frecuentes . Los factores pronóstico de COVID-19 grave en pacientes diabéticos son la edad avanzada, sexo masculino, disnea, hiperglicemia y comorbilidades como hipertensión arterial y enfermedad cardiovascular.
COVID-19 disease, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome type 2 Coronavirus (SARS-CoV- 2), results in respiratory illness, which can rapidly progress to severe pneumonia in 10% to 15% of patients. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is considered a poor prognostic risk factor for COVID19; however, the reason why this occurs is not well established. The aim of the present work was to evaluate which factors are related to progression to severe COVID 19 in diabetic patients with COVID 19, based on a review of the literature.
The databases PubMed, Embase, SCOPUS, Cochrane Lybrary and Scholar Google were reviewed. A total of 17,110 patients with DM from 16 eligible studies were included. Advanced age (>65 years) and male sex; as well as dyspnea, fatigue and fever, hyperglycemia, lymphopenia, neutrophilia leukocytosis, elevated HbA1c, elevated CRP, ferritin and D-dimer were observed to be associated with severe COVID 19. 25.32 % of patients required admission to the ICU. The mean reported mortality was 22.98%.
Arterial hypertension and cardiovascular disease are the most frequent comorbidities.The prognostic factors for severe COVID-19 in diabetic patients are advanced age, male sex, dyspnea, hyperglycemia and comorbidities such as arterial hypertension and cardiovascular disease.
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