Título : Estudio electrofisiológico de la primera y segunda motoneurona en pacientes con esclerosis lateral amiotrófica |
Autor : Bernat Llinares, Álvaro |
Tutor: Echevarría, Diego Gavilá Lattur, Teresa |
Editor : Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche |
Departamento: Departamentos de la UMH::Histología y Anatomía Departamentos de la UMH::Fisiología |
Fecha de publicación: 2022-05-12 |
URI : https://hdl.handle.net/11000/28493 |
Resumen :
La esclerosis lateral amiotrófica (ELA) es un trastorno neurodegenerativo caracterizado por originar un deterioro progresivo, disfunción y pérdida de las motoneuronas superiores ubicadas en la corteza primaria motora, cortezas suplementarias motoras y/o en las neuronas motoras inferiores, localizad... Ver más
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive deterioration, dysfunction, and loss of upper motor neurons located in the primary motor cortex, supplementary motor cortices, and/or lower motor neurons, located in the nuclei of the brain stem. brain and the anterior horn of the spinal cord. This neurodegeneration leads to progressive muscle weakness, spasticity, and atrophy. Diagnosis is clinical; it focuses fundamentally on the detection of lesions at the level of the first (cortical) or second motor neuron (trunk/spinal) and allows, through neurophysiological techniques, to record alterations where clinical symptoms are still very scarce. In addition, it confirms and locates involvement in the bulbar regions, and cervical, dorsal, lumbar and sacral spinal cord segments through electrodiagnostic tests such as needle electromyography for the study of the second motor neuron and transcranial magnetic stimulation for the study of the first motor neuron. These measurements record abnormal muscle electrical activity at rest and during contraction, looking for abnormal neurogenic patterns. Other key tools are sensory and motor nerve conduction studies. Electrodiagnostic techniques are responsible for monitoring the progression of the disease and provide essential prognostic information for patients, which, along with an early diagnosis of this pathology, increases the benefit of the different therapeutic interventions. The prognosis is poor, and the differential diagnosis is difficult with respect to other pathologies of the cervical or lumbosacral spine or myasthenia gravis. In this retrospective study of patients diagnosed with ALS at the Sant Joan d' Alacant University Hospital, the aim is to insight into the common characteristics of the analysis obtained in the electrodiagnosis of this disease.
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Palabras clave/Materias: Esclerosis lateral amiotrófica ELA Diagnóstico Electromiografía Enfermedades de las motoneuronas Neurona motora superior Neurona motora inferior Electrofisiología Neurofisiología clínica Estudios de conducción nerviosa Diagnóstico diferencial |
Área de conocimiento : CDU: Ciencias aplicadas: Medicina |
Tipo de documento : info:eu-repo/semantics/bachelorThesis |
Derechos de acceso: info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
Aparece en las colecciones: TFG- Medicina
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