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Combinación de una terapia enzimática con nanotecnología para el tratamiento del cáncer


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Título :
Combinación de una terapia enzimática con nanotecnología para el tratamiento del cáncer
Autor :
Fuentes-Baile, María  
Tutor:
Saceda, Miguel  
Alenda, Cristina  
Editor :
Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche
Departamento:
Departamentos de la UMH::Bioquímica y Biología Molecular
Fecha de publicación:
2021-09-15
URI :
https://hdl.handle.net/11000/27490
Resumen :
La terapia enzimática suicida consiste en dirigir una enzima hacia el tumor y, a continuación, administrar de forma sistémica un profármaco inocuo que debe ser sustrato de la enzima y que, al ser procesado por ella, se convertirá en un fármaco anticancerígeno activo. En este trabajo se ha evaluado ...  Ver más
Suicide enzyme therapy consists of targeting an enzyme to the tumor and then, to administer systemically a harmless prodrug that must be a substrate for the enzyme and that it will become an active anticancer drug after reacting with it. In this work, treatment efficacy with the enzyme D-amino acid oxidase (DAAO) from Rhodotorula gracilis together with D-alanine against pancreatic carcinoma, colorectal carcinoma and glioblastoma cell lines has been evaluated. DAAO catalyzes D-amino acids’ oxidation, converting them into alpha-ketoacids and ammonia and generating H2O2, which induces oxidative stress. Specifically, a chimera has been used, which presents DAAO bound to the choline-binding domain of the N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine amidase (CLytA) from Streptococcus pneumoniae, allowing the enzyme immobilization on supports containing choline or derivatives, such as diethylaminoethanol (DEAE). The results of this study demonstrate that CLytA-DAAO induces an antiproliferative effect in most of the pancreatic carcinoma, colorectal carcinoma and glioblastoma cell lines used. This decrease in cell proliferation is due to a cytotoxic effect caused by the increase in reactive oxygen species inside the cell, which induces damage to DNA and plasma membrane as well as a decrease in the mitochondrial membrane potential. By analyzing the enzyme effect in non-tumor cells, absence or significantly lower levels of cell death were observed in comparison to tumor cell lines. In addition, the use of a chimeric DAAO allowed its immobilization on DEAE-functionalized magnetic nanoparticles, increasing the effect of the treatment by improving the enzyme stability at 37°C. Immobilization in gold nanoparticles and alginate capsules was also studied, although the cytotoxic effect decreased considerably compared to that observed with the free enzyme. Analysis of the cell death mechanisms showed that treatment with CLytA-DAAO and D-Ala triggers different types of cell death. In pancreatic and colorectal carcinoma cell lines a regulated necrosis occurs while in glioblastoma cell lines the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis is activated. Among the different cell lines studied, two of them were resistant to the cytotoxic effect induced by CLytA-DAAO, Hs766T from pancreatic carcinoma and HT-29 from colorectal carcinoma. By deepening in the mechanism of resistance in both cell lines, it was observed that it is related to the overexpression of genes involved in detoxification mechanisms, response to oxidative stress and cell survival. The expression of these genes was also studied in biopsies from patients with each of the three types of tumors, and the results suggest that treatment with CLytA-DAAO and D-Ala could be effective in a high percentage of these patients. In addition, it was shown that the CLytADAAO enzyme could also be used in combination with either radiotherapy, chemotherapy, epigenetic therapy, or therapy based on reducing DNA repair, in order to enhance the effect on patients. In conclusion, the results of this work indicate that treatment with CLytA-DAAO and D-Ala shows a high potential as an anticancer therapeutic strategy, both by itself and in combination with other treatments, in patients with pancreatic and colorectal carcinoma and glioblastoma.
Palabras clave/Materias:
Biología molecular
Biología celular
Oncología
Área de conocimiento :
CDU: Ciencias puras y naturales: Biología
Tipo de documento :
info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis
Derechos de acceso:
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 Internacional
Aparece en las colecciones:
Tesis doctorales - Ciencias e Ingenierías



Creative Commons La licencia se describe como: Atribución-NonComercial-NoDerivada 4.0 Internacional.