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Estudio de la tolerancia a la inundación, salinidad y toxicidad por boro en tres variedades de granado (Punica granatum L.)


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Título :
Estudio de la tolerancia a la inundación, salinidad y toxicidad por boro en tres variedades de granado (Punica granatum L.)
Autor :
Olmo Vega, Antonio
Tutor:
Martínez Nicolas, Juan José
García-Sánchez, Francisco  
Editor :
Universidad Miguel Hernández
Departamento:
Departamentos de la UMH::Producción Vegetal y Microbiología
Fecha de publicación:
2021-07-22
URI :
https://hdl.handle.net/11000/27485
Resumen :
El granado (Punica granatum L.) es un cultivo importante del sureste español, conocido por su gran resistencia a estreses abióticos como la salinidad o la sequía. Sin embargo, no se conoce todavía su comportamiento bajo situaciones de inundación o riego con exceso de boro. Estas condiciones son muy...  Ver más
Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.), is an important crop in the southeastern area on Spain and is known for its great resistance to abiotic stresses such as salinity or drought. However, up to today, the effect of irrigation with water that contains a high concentration of Boron or its behaviour under flooding conditions has not yet been studied deeply. These two conditions are very common in eastern Spain. On the one hand, due to the presence of heavy soils and torrential rains that occur in spring and autumn, and, on the other, to the frequent irrigation of water, from desalination plants, with high boron content. Although it is known that this fruit tree is tolerant to salinity, its physiological mechanisms of adaptation to this stress are not known in detail. The main objective of this doctoral thesis is to characterise the responses of pomegranate trees to these three stresses: flooding, salinity and irrigation with excess boron. To do this, three independent greenhouse experiments were carried out with three of the most popular varieties cultivated in Spain: “Mollar de Elche”, “Valenciana” and “Wonderful”. Each of these stresses corresponds to a chapter of the thesis. In the flood experiment, plants were submerged for six days in containers filled with water. In the salinity trial, seven saline treatments (0, 40, 60, 80, 100, 120, 140 mM NaCl) were applied for 60 days. And, in the boron trial, the plants were watered for 60 days with five treatments with different concentrations of B (mg L-1 B): T0 (0.25), T1 (1.25), T2 (2.5), T3 (5) and T4 (10). During the course of the experiments, growth parameters, gas exchange, chlorophyll fluorescence, water relations, concentration of chloride, boron and mineral elements in both roots and leaves, concentration of abscisic acid and secondary osmolytes such as carbohydrates, proline and quaternary ammonium compounds were measured. The most significant conclusions for each of the experiments were: - Flooding: Pomegranate varieties are very sensitive to flooding conditions. However, different relative tolerance between them were observed. Of the three varieties studied, the one that previously exhibited negative effects on water relations, gas exchange parameters and chlorophyll fluorescence was “Valenciana”. In this variety, the greatest reduction in total dry biomass and a poor hormonal response was observed. Between the other two varieties, it was observed that “Mollar de Elche” was less affected by the flooding than “Wonderful”. - Salinity: The results showed that the pomegranate is a salinity-tolerant plant thanks to its ability to accumulate a higher concentration of chlorides in the root and limiting its transport to the aerial part of the plant. However, there were some negative effects on the leaves as a consequence of chloride toxicity that caused damages to the net assimilation of CO2, light capture processes, and the biochemical processes of photosynthesis. The “Valenciana” variety presented a lower sensitivity to chloride toxicity relative to “Mollar de Elche” and “Wonderful” varieties. - Boron excess: In this assay it was observed that pomegranate trees are very tolerant to boron excess in irrigation water. And, this is thanks to the fact that these trees can restrict the absorption of B from the root to the aerial part of the trees, thus avoiding toxic concentrations in the leaves. In addition, this low transport rate is related to the high capacity of the roots to accumulate a large amount of B without affecting it. No great differences in behaviour was observed among the three cultivars tested
Notas:
Programa de Doctorado en Recursos y Tecnologías Agrarias, Agroambientales y Alimentarias
Palabras clave/Materias:
Granado
Boro
Salinidad
Área de conocimiento :
CDU: Ciencias aplicadas: Agricultura. Silvicultura. Zootecnia. Caza. Pesca: Agricultura. Agronomía. Maquinaria agrícola. Suelos. Edafología agrícola
Tipo de documento :
info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis
Derechos de acceso:
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Aparece en las colecciones:
Tesis doctorales - Ciencias e Ingenierías



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