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Compuestos antimicrobianos de origen natural: enfermedades infecciosas resistentes a antibióticos


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Title:
Compuestos antimicrobianos de origen natural: enfermedades infecciosas resistentes a antibióticos
Authors:
Álvarez-Martínez, Francisco Javier  
Tutor:
Micol Molina, Vicente
Barrajón-Catalán, Enrique
Editor:
Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche
Department:
Departamentos de la UMH::Bioquímica y Biología Molecular
Issue Date:
2021-05-25
URI:
https://hdl.handle.net/11000/27472
Abstract:
La presente Tesis Doctoral nace de la urgente necesidad de hallar nuevos agentes antimicrobianos eficaces como consecuencia del auge de los microorganismos resistentes a antibióticos que causan infecciones cada vez más graves y difíciles de tratar en todo el planeta. Este trabajo describe y profund...  Ver más
This Doctoral Thesis arises from the urgent need to find new effective antimicrobial agents because of the rise of antibiotic-resistant microorganisms that cause increasingly serious and difficult-to-treat infections throughout the planet. This work describes and deepens the antimicrobial capacity of compounds of natural origin as a tool for the development of alternative or complementary antibiotic therapies to those that currently exist. This Doctoral Thesis is structured as a compendium of three scientific articles published in high impact index journals belonging to the first quartile (Q1), each corresponding to a chapter. Chapter 1 studies the antibacterial capacity of plant polyphenols against bacteria of clinical interest, focusing especially on Staphylococcus aureus and its antibiotic resistant strains. Furthermore, it includes a virtual screening of polyphenolic molecules against bacterial molecular targets related to antibiotic resistance. This chapter highlights the enormous therapeutic potential of phytochemicals as antimicrobials and lays the bibliographic basis for the following in vitro studies developed in the next chapter. Chapter 2 describes the screening process of various potentially antimicrobial phytochemicals against eleven bacterial species extracted from patient samples of the Alicante University General Hospital. The results obtained point to the fact that the two selected plant extracts have antimicrobial activity and have different mechanisms of action. Likewise, it is observed that the level of bacterial susceptibility to the action of the extracts can be correlated with its resistance profile to antibiotics of clinical use. A differential antibacterial activity is shown against S. aureus isolates according to their antibiotic resistance profile and the polyphenolic composition of the extracts, an observation that could lead to the development of combinatorial therapies that include antibiotics and plant extracts. Chapter 3 consists of an extension of the spectrum of study of natural antimicrobial compounds, going on to study 68 different compounds from animal, bacterial and fungal sources in addition to the plants described up to now. This chapter includes the main molecular targets and proposed antimicrobial mechanism of action for each compound reviewed. The field of natural antimicrobial compounds is vast, and its trend is increasing. Technological and scientific advancement allows the identification and rediscovery of promising natural compounds to combat human infections, including those resistant to antibiotics.
Keywords/Subjects:
Biología Molecular
Microorganismos
Antibióticos
Knowledge area:
CDU: Ciencias puras y naturales: Biología: Biología celular y subcelular. Citología
CDU: Ciencias puras y naturales: Biología: Bioquímica. Biología molecular. Biofísica
Type of document:
info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis
Access rights:
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 Internacional
Appears in Collections:
Tesis doctorales - Ciencias e Ingenierías



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