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https://hdl.handle.net/11000/1729
Análisis de diversos factores biológicos que influyen en el proceso de floración, producción y calidad del fruto en variedades de cerezo (Prunus avium L.) cultivadas en la Región de Murcia
Título : Análisis de diversos factores biológicos que influyen en el proceso de floración, producción y calidad del fruto en variedades de cerezo (Prunus avium L.) cultivadas en la Región de Murcia |
Autor : García Montiel, Federico |
Tutor: Alburquerque, Nuria ![]() Serrano Mula, María |
Departamento: Departamentos de la UMH::Tecnología Agroalimentaria |
Fecha de publicación: 2010-03-26 |
URI : http://hdl.handle.net/11000/1729 |
Resumen : El cultivo del cerezo (Prunus avium L.) presenta una serie de ventajas frente a otros cultivos como son bajos requerimientos de agua y abono nitrogenado, con las consiguientes ventajas de protección del medioambiente, o su tolerancia al Virus de la Sharka (Plum Pox Virus, PPV), de gran impacto en a... Ver más Sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) crop has advantages over other crops as low water and nitrogen fertilizer requirements, with important environment benefits, or resistance to Plum Pox Virus (PPV), which causes important losses in apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.), plum (Prunus domestica L.) and peach (Prunus persica L.) yields. Moreover, using appropriate cultivars, the weather conditions of the southeast of Spain allow sweet cherry early productions that are difficult to obtain in other Spanish regions or in Europe. Companies from Murcia region could take the advantage of this precocity to export the fruits. There is a great interest of sweet cherry crop in Murcia and, in this Thesis, some parameters have been analyzed to obtain information about the agronomical behaviour of seven sweet cherry cultivars grown in the Region of Murcia. Deciduous fruit trees and other woody perennials of temperate climates, including sweet cherry, require a certain amount of winter chilling to overcome their dormancy. Once the chilling requirements have been satisfied, heat is also required to reach full bloom. Sweet cherry cultivars have different chilling and heat requirements for breaking rest and inducing flowering. The knowledge of these requirements may be valuable in the selection of the appropriate cultivars for producers and to avoid losses caused by an inadequate cultivar selection in a particular area. Determination of chilling and heat requirements is also important within a breeding programme, when choosing parents to obtain early flowering cultivars. In this work chilling requirements of seven sweet cherry cultivars (‘Brooks’, ‘Burlat’, ‘Cristobalina’, ‘Marvin’, ‘New Star’, ‘Ruby’ and ‘Somerset’) were calculated using different methods (hours below 7 ºC, Utah and Dynamic models), which were compared. Differences were not found between Utah and Dynamic models when estimating the chilling requirements for these seven sweet cherry cultivars, which could be due to mean temperatures during winter are moderate and negative chilling values, generated with the Utah model, are not important. However, the results obtained with the hours below 7 ºC model were not correlated with either the Dynamic or the Utah model, suggesting that this model is not appropriate for calculation of sweet cherry chilling requirements in our Mediterranean climatic conditions. Results showed that the early flowering cultivars, ‘Cristobalina’ and ‘Brooks’, had the lowest chilling requirements. ‘Burlat’, ‘New Star’, ‘Ruby’ and ‘Somerset’ had medium chilling and heat requirements for flowering, and ‘Marvin’ showed the highest values and also the latest blooming date. All the studied cultivars may have their chilling requirements satisfied in the region of Murcia, if grown at least 650 m above sea level. Some cultivars, such as ‘Cristobalina’ and ‘Brooks’, could successfully break dormancy already when grown at an altitude above 325 m. In breeding programs controlled cross-pollinations require the use of selected pollen from elite cherry cultivars, since most of them are self-incompatible and bloom times often do not overlap between cultivars (from 3 to 4 weeks differences between late and early flowering). Due to these differences usually pollen is collected and dried before hand pollination. However, pollen viability decreases depending on storage conditions and genotype. In this study pollen of six sweet cherry cultivars, ‘Brooks’, ‘Cristobalina’, ‘Marvin’, ‘New Star’, ‘Ruby’ and ‘Somerset’ was used and pollen viability was completely lost for most cultivars after only 60 days of storage at 4 °C. Nevertheless, results indicate that pollen viability could be maintained at reasonably high percentages after storage at –20 °C during one year for all cultivars studied. Storage for 540 days at –20 °C produced a decrease in pollen viability, with the exception of ‘Cristobalina’ and ‘Somerset’ pollen that maintained similar viability at all times. Since the interest of breeders is diverse, the knowledge of floral biology, fruit set behaviour and fruit quality of the cultivars studied here could be useful to choose the appropriate ones to be grown under Mediterranean climatic conditions or used as parentals in future breeding programs. Therefore, the cultivars ‘Brooks’, ‘Marvin’, ‘Ruby’, ‘Burlat’, ‘New Star’ and ‘Somerset’ have been characterized. Flower density, flower buds drop, number of developing flower buds per node, total number of flowers per node, fruit set and percentage of double fruits have been determined. Also some parameters related to fruit quality, such as fruit weight, colour, soluble solids, total acidity and firmness were evaluated at different ripening stages. The number of flower buds per node, total number of flowers per node, fruit set and percentage of double fruits had a great variability between cultivars and the year also had a strong influence in these parameters, with the exception of double fruit production. Likewise, all fruit quality parameters were very different between cultivars and ripening stages. The cultivar ‘Brooks’ showed high production of flower buds and an appropriate total number of flowers per node in different years, besides high levels of total soluble solids (TSS), ripening index and fruit firmness. ‘Burlat’ and ‘Somerset’ ranged medium values of most of the analyzed floral biology and fruit quality parameters. In ‘Cristobalina’ and ‘Marvin’ the production of flower buds and total number of flowers per node in different years was acceptable. In addition, the self-compatible cultivar ‘Cristobalina’ had high fruit set percentages in all years of study, but the fruit size and the fruit firmness values were low. In ‘Marvin’ the percentage of double fruits was low. The maturation period of ‘Marvin’ fruits was very short and at the commercial ripening stage these fruits showed the darkest red colour. Although ‘Ruby’ recorded high production of flower buds and total number of flower per node in different years, the fruit set was very erratic and the percentage of double fruits was high. This cultivar presented a good ripening index and fruit firmness levels. The self-compatible cultivar ‘New Star’ was characterized by consistent high fruit set percentages and low percentage of double fruits as well as by good fruit size and firmness levels. |
Palabras clave/Materias: cultivos-cerezo |
Área de conocimiento : CDU: Ciencias aplicadas: Agricultura. Silvicultura. Zootecnia. Caza. Pesca: Horticultura. Viticultura |
Tipo de documento : info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis |
Derechos de acceso: info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
Aparece en las colecciones: Tesis doctorales - Ciencias e Ingenierías |