Resumen :
AZD6244 (Selumetinib, ARRY-142886) es un inhibidor de MEK1/2 que ha ganado interés en los últimos tiempos como agente antitumoral. Los principales objetivos de este trabajo de tesis doctoral han consistido en la identificación de marcadores de respuesta y en la evaluación del papel de la autofagia ... Ver más
AZD6244 (Selumetinib, ARRY-142886) is a MEK1/2 inhibitor that has gained interest as an anti-tumour agent. The main aims of this doctoral study were to identify response markers and to evaluate the role of autophagy in mediating resistance to AZD6244.
By using proliferation assays, we have classified the cells in AZD6244-sensitive and AZD6244-resistant according to their IC50 value. Interestingly, AZD6244 inhibits phosphorylation of p70S6K and its main target, RPS6 in sensitive cell lines, whereas in resistant cells p70S6K and RPS6 phosphorylation is unaffected or even increase. Also, AZD6244-resistant cells show increased basal levels of p70S6K phosphorylation, whereas phosphorylation basal levels of this protein are minimal in AZD6244-sensitive cells. In fact, pharmacological inhibition of p70S6K and RPS6 by NVP-BEZ235 (a dual inhibitor of PI3K and mTOR) or PF-4708671 (a specific p70S6K inhibitor) potentiate AZD6244 effects in resistant cell lines. In conclusion, p70S6K and its main target RPS6 could act as potencial biomarkers of response to AZD6244 treatment in colorectal cancer.
The second part of this study aimed to examine the role of autophagy in the ability of AZD6244 to induce cell death. For this purpose, autophagy modulators such as Bafilomycin A1 (BAF), Chloroquine (CQ), 3-Metiladenine (3-MA) and Rapamycin (RAPA) have been used. Interestingly, AZD6244 induces both cell death and autophagy in AZD6244-sensitive cells. Moreover, BAF, 3-MA and CQ potentiate AZD6244-induced cell death. However, when AZD6244 is combined with the autophagy inducer, RAPA, an increase in cell survival is observed. In contrast, autophagy does not seem to have a role in mediating resistance in AZD6244-resistant cells. Altogether, these results suggest that autophagy could act as a survival mechanism in cell lines sensitive to AZD6244. Thus, autophagy inhibitors in combination with AZD6244 may be an interesting therapeutic strategy to treat colorectal cancer.
|