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Desarrollo de nuevas herramientas para la mejora del pronóstico de pacientes con Glioblastoma Multiforme


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Título :
Desarrollo de nuevas herramientas para la mejora del pronóstico de pacientes con Glioblastoma Multiforme
Autor :
Checa Chavarría, Elisa
Tutor:
Fernández Jover, Eduardo
Departamento:
Departamentos de la UMH::Bioquímica y Biología Molecular
Fecha de publicación:
2019-12-18
URI :
http://hdl.handle.net/11000/5749
Resumen :
Actualmente el cáncer es una de las principales preocupaciones a nivel mundial debido a su alta mortalidad. El principal objetivo que se ha perseguido en este trabajo ha sido la mejora del pronóstico de los pacientes afectados por el tumor cerebral más común y letal, el Glioblastoma Multiforme. Los...  Ver más
At present, cancer is one of the world main problems because of its great mortality. The main objective of this thesis has been the improvement of the prognosis of those patients affected of Glioblastoma Multiforme, the most frequent and aggressive type of brain tumour. Currently, the existing treatments are very aggressive and lack of effectiveness, the mean life expectancy is around 15 months. To fulfil our objectives, the Unidad de Neuroprótesis y Rehabilitación Visual of the Instituto de Biongeniería from the Universidad Miguel Hernández, together with the Instituto de Tecnología Química, from the Universidad Politécnica de Valencia-CSIC, have worked in the development of new diagnosis tools and therapeutic approaches. Regarding the improvement of diagnosis, we present new contrast agents for Magnetic Resonance Imaging. The first of them is based on Gd-Si oxide nanoparticles is visible in sequence T1, constituted with Gadolinium, increases the imaging resolution of the organs and any other anatomical structure. This first contrast agent let us develop a second contrast agent, on which we have focused the biocompatibility assays through this work, the molecule Gd(H2O)4[Fe(CN)6]@SiO2. This agent is visible both in sequences T1 and T2, enabling an improved visualization of the anatomy and morphology of all organs and the pathological processes of interest. Therefore, this second contrast agent could be a powerful tool to make early and precise diagnosis. On the other hand, we have worked in novel therapeutic approaches to treat Glioblastoma Multiforme. In this work we present a new prodrug derived from Camptothecin and 5-aminolevulinic acid. The result of this modification of the CPT-5ALA molecule, which is selective for tumoral cells. We have studied the potential anticancer properties both in vitro and in vivo to determine the possible clinical use of this drug. In this work, we have analysed and characterized the biocompatibility and security profile of the contrast agent and the prodrug, both in in vitro and in vivo models do determine whether the clinical use of this compounds is possible. Nowadays, medicine is far from curing Glioblastoma Multiforme. The short-term objective is the development of new approaches that allow improving the life expectancies of patients. In this terms, early diagnosis and selective therapies move us closer to achieve this objective.
Palabras clave/Materias:
Biología molecular
Biología celular
Oncología
Medicina nuclear
Área de conocimiento :
CDU: Ciencias puras y naturales: Biología: Biología celular y subcelular. Citología
Tipo de documento :
info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis
Derechos de acceso:
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Aparece en las colecciones:
Tesis doctorales - Ciencias e Ingenierías



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