Título : Análisis del funcionamiento de equipos de expansión directa con
aporte fotovoltaico para climatización y producción de agua caliente
sanitaria |
Autor : Aguilar-Valero, Francisco Javier  |
Tutor: Vicente-Quiles, Pedro  |
Departamento: Departamentos de la UMH::Ingeniería Mecánica y Energía |
Fecha de publicación: 2019-07-25 |
URI : http://hdl.handle.net/11000/5476 |
Resumen :
El 36% de las emisiones de CO2 de la Unión Europea tiene su origen en la actividad humana asociada al uso de los edificios. En este sentido, la Directiva de Eficiencia Energética en Edificios del año 2010 estableció que, a partir del 31 de diciembre de 2020 todos los edificios de nueva construcción... Ver más
Buildings are the origin of approximately 36% of all CO2 emissions in the European Union. In this sense, the Energy Efficiency Building Directive EPBD 2010 established that by 31 December 2020, all new buildings should be nearly zero-energy buildings. Also, a nearly zero-energy building is defined as a building that has a very high energy performance and the nearly zero or very low amount of energy required is covered to a very significant extent by energy from renewable sources. The 2018 update of this same directive proposes short-term (2030), mid-term (2040) and long-term strategies (2050) in order to achieve a decarbonized and highly efficient building stock by 2050. The final goal is focused on reducing greenhouse gas emissions in the Union by 80-95 % compared with 1990.
To reach the established objectives buildings has to be designed taking into account highly energy efficient facilities, also renewable energy sources capable of replacing fossil fuels have to be used.
In this sense, in this doctoral work, the technical and economic viability of using direct expansion equipments supported by photovoltaic energy to produce thermal energy in buildings has been studied. Specifically, both air-conditioning and domestic hot water production systems have been taken into account.
On the one hand, an experimental work about an air conditioning unit with a nominal cooling capacity of 3.5 kW and a nominal heating capacity of 3.8 kW, supported by a 705 Wp photovoltaic facility and the grid has been carried out. The study includes results of a whole year while the unit was working in an office with 35 m2 in Elche (Alicante). The experimental results conclude that the energy efficiency of the system is 14.5 in cooling mode and 6.9 in heating mode. The solar contribution of the system is 54%, while the performance factor of the photovoltaic facility is 70%. Finally, the thermo-economic analysis has shown that this system is more is more economical, has less CO2 emissions and less non-renewable energy consumption that conventional solutions without solar energy. On the other hand, an experimental work about a domestic hot water (DHW) heat pump supported by photovoltaic energy and the grid has been carried out. The heat pump analyzed is an ON/OFF equipment with a nominal heating capacity of 1500 W, a water tank of 190 liters and an electrical compressor consumption of 470 W. Two photovoltaic panels with a total peak power of 470 Wp are connected to a micro-converter, which is connected to the equipment without batteries and no energy injection into the electricity grid has been considered. This system has been tested for typical DHW consumption of a family of 4 residences in Spain (130 liters at 55°C, 6÷7 kWh a day). included in this work. It has shown that the proposed system is more economical, has less CO2 emissions and less non-renewable energy consumption that the conventional solution (a Natural Gas boiler with a seasonal efficiency of 92% and a solar thermal installation with a solar contribution of 60%).
The obtained results have been used in order to develop a numerical model of the DHW heat pump with photovoltaic energy. Once the model has been validated by using the experimental results, it has been used to simulate the behavior of the system under different working conditions.
The main conclusions of this PhD work will be taken as a starting point in future research works in order to optimize the design and the performance of the equipments supported by photovoltaic energy to produce thermal energy in buildings.
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Palabras clave/Materias: Energía solar Equipo de refrigeración Equipo de calefacción |
Área de conocimiento : CDU: Ciencias aplicadas: Ingeniería. Tecnología |
Tipo de documento : info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis |
Derechos de acceso: info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
Aparece en las colecciones: Tesis doctorales - Ciencias e Ingenierías
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