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Adecuación de pruebas de imagen: dosis y factores demográficos y clínicos asociados


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Título :
Adecuación de pruebas de imagen: dosis y factores demográficos y clínicos asociados
Autor :
Vilar Palop, Jorge
Tutor:
Lumbreras Lacarra, Blanca Juana
Vilar Samper, José
Departamento:
Departamentos de la UMH::Salud Pública, Historia de la Ciencia y Ginecología
Fecha de publicación:
2019-04-11
URI :
http://hdl.handle.net/11000/5141
Resumen :
Los avances tecnológicos en los sistemas de imagen médica de los últimos años han facilitado enormemente el acceso, ante una sospecha médica, a imágenes de alto valor diagnóstico. Debido a ello la utilización de técnicas de imagen que usan radiaciones ionizantes ha aumentado, y con ellas las dosis ...  Ver más
Technological advances in imaging systems in the last years have allowed easy access, when there is a suspected underlying clinical condition, to images of high diagnostic value. Because of this, the use of imaging technologies has increased, together with the radiation dose received by the population. This trend can be seen in National surveys, which reflect continuous increases in the effective collective dose delivered by medical practices to the population. The benefits that are linked to x-ray imaging must always be weighed against the risks that ionizing radiation poses. There have been warnings at several levels about many x-ray imaging requests not being adequately justified. On top of this, it is also necessary to take into account the other costs derived from any unnecessary medical procedure, from the perspective of the medical specialist and the health care system as well as from that of the patient (for example, over diagnostic, clinical cascades and false positives). The most recent reports by international radiation protection organizations and the December, 5th 2013 publication in the Official Journal of the European Union of the 2013/59/EURATOM Council Directive laying down basic safety standards for protection against the dangers arising from exposure to ionizing radiation, that was brought into force on February, 6th 2018 by all Member States have brought up the need for a re-evaluation of the risks and benefits of ionizing radiations. Specifically, the new legislation establishes the need for methodology for the optimization and the justification of the medical use of radiations. This thesis by compendium of publications includes two studies regarding this area of research. The first study performed a systematic analysis of the literature that measured values of effective dose. The effective dose is the magnitude that represents the total detriment of an x-ray procedure. The analysis yielded estimated values for the x-ray procedures that contribute the most to the collective effective dose. The resulting values may be useful in different types of studies. The second study analyzed a series of x-ray imaging requests to determine their adequacy, using recommendation evidence-based guidelines. A total of five different possible outcomes of the main variable where contemplated, and each request was analyzed by two independent researchers. Less than 50% of the requests that were analyzed were considered adequate, while approximately one-third were specifically considered inappropriate according to the guidelines used. The clinical and demographic data of each request was taken into account for a deeper analysis of the results, and to produce conclusions that can be useful in future investigations. Women were less likely than men to have an imaging test classified as appropriate (adjusted OR 0.70, 95% CI 0.57 to 0.86). Imaging tests requested by general practitioners were less likely to be considered appropriate than those requested by central services (adjusted OR 0.60, 95% CI 0.38 to 0.93). Mammography and CT were more likely to be appropriate than conventional X-rays The combination of both studies was used to calculate the excess collective effective dose to the population due to inadequate or not properly justified practices, and the factors that correlate with this excess. 19.6% of the effective dose was associated with inappropriate tests. There is a significant frequency of inadequate x-ray tests, which results in a high percentage of unjustified associated effective dose. Demographic and clinical characteristics such as sex, age, referral physician and medical imaging test seem to play a role in the adequacy of the imaging tests. Today, medical examinations are the biggest contributor to the total radiation received by the population due to artificial causes in almost every country in the world. The costs associated to inadequate tests are a burden to society that must be acknowledged and remedied if health care systems want to serve their primary purpose.
Notas:
Programa de Doctorado en Salud Pública, Ciencias Médicas y Quirúrgicas
Palabras clave/Materias:
Fisica médica
Radiología
Salud Pública
Área de conocimiento :
CDU: Ciencias aplicadas: Medicina
Tipo de documento :
info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis
Derechos de acceso:
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Aparece en las colecciones:
Tesis doctorales - Ciencias de la Salud



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