Resumen :
Introducción: La apendicitis representa la causa más frecuente de abdomen agudo y el único
tratamiento definitivo es la cirugía, que puede realizarse mediante un abordaje abierto o
laparoscópico. En los últimos años, el empleo de la técnica laparoscópica ha superado al
método convencional. Sin emba... Ver más
Introduction: Appendicitis represents the most frequent cause of acute abdomen and the
only definitive treatment is surgery, which can be performed through an open or laparoscopic
procedure. In recent years, the use of the laparoscopic technique has surpassed the
conventional method. However, there is still no consensus as to which of these options
reduces the incidence of postoperative complications, especially in patients with known risk
factors.
Objective: The main objective is to determine if there are differences in the development of
postoperative complications between patients who underwent open appendectomy (OA) and
those who underwent laparoscopic appendectomy (LA) in the treatment of acute
appendicitis.
Material and methods: Retrospective, single-center cohort study, in which the population
under analysis was a group of patients diagnosed with acute appendicitis and operated on for
appendectomy in the General Surgery Service of the University Hospital of San Juan de
Alicante (HUSJA), from January 2017 to complete a total of 50 patients for each type of
surgical technique. Patients were divided into two groups according to whether they had
undergone OA or AL. Later, the occurrence of complications was compared between both
groups; as well as the different clinical-demographic, surgical and postoperative
characteristics. The influence of the variables studied on the development of complications
was also analyzed. For the statistical analysis, the Chi-square test with Yates correction and
Fisher's exact test were used for qualitative variables, and the Mann-Whitney U test for
quantitative variables, considering a value of p<0.05 as significant. Results: A total of 100 patients who underwent appendectomy were analyzed, 50 for OA and
50 for LA. Statistically significant differences were found (p=0.031) in the development of
global postoperative complications between OA (2%) and LA (20%). However, regarding the
development of intra-abdominal abscesses (IAA), the study found no significant differences
between both surgical techniques. When analyzing the clinical-demographic characteristics
of the patients, statistically significant differences were found in age, with a median of 24.5
years in the OA group and 35 years in the LA group (p=0.041). In the intraoperative variables,
the surgical time of LAs was significantly longer than that of AAs (p=0.009), exceeding 60
minutes of surgery in 100% of them. Likewise, the use of intra-abdominal drainage (p=0.046)
and the length of postoperative stay (p=0.01) showed significant differences, both being
predominant in LA. When variables were studied as possible risk factors for the development
of post-surgical complications, significant results were found in the time of surgery (p=0,04),
the type of surgical approach (p=0,031) and antibiotic treatment (p=0,013).
Conclusions: Patients intervened by LA presented a higher incidence of global complications.
The variables significantly associated with the development of complications in our sample
were the time of surgery, the type of surgical approach and antibiotic treatment.
|