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Complicaciones tras apendicectomía: estudio comparativo entre técnia de cirugía abierta y técnica laparoscópica


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Título :
Complicaciones tras apendicectomía: estudio comparativo entre técnia de cirugía abierta y técnica laparoscópica
Autor :
Pastor Cerdán, Silvia
Tutor:
Candela Gomis, Asunción
Díez Miralles, Manuel
Editor :
Universidad Miguel Hernández
Departamento:
Departamentos de la UMH::Patología y Cirugía
Fecha de publicación:
2024-05-12
URI :
https://hdl.handle.net/11000/35561
Resumen :
Introducción: La apendicitis representa la causa más frecuente de abdomen agudo y el único tratamiento definitivo es la cirugía, que puede realizarse mediante un abordaje abierto o laparoscópico. En los últimos años, el empleo de la técnica laparoscópica ha superado al método convencional. Sin emba...  Ver más
Introduction: Appendicitis represents the most frequent cause of acute abdomen and the only definitive treatment is surgery, which can be performed through an open or laparoscopic procedure. In recent years, the use of the laparoscopic technique has surpassed the conventional method. However, there is still no consensus as to which of these options reduces the incidence of postoperative complications, especially in patients with known risk factors. Objective: The main objective is to determine if there are differences in the development of postoperative complications between patients who underwent open appendectomy (OA) and those who underwent laparoscopic appendectomy (LA) in the treatment of acute appendicitis. Material and methods: Retrospective, single-center cohort study, in which the population under analysis was a group of patients diagnosed with acute appendicitis and operated on for appendectomy in the General Surgery Service of the University Hospital of San Juan de Alicante (HUSJA), from January 2017 to complete a total of 50 patients for each type of surgical technique. Patients were divided into two groups according to whether they had undergone OA or AL. Later, the occurrence of complications was compared between both groups; as well as the different clinical-demographic, surgical and postoperative characteristics. The influence of the variables studied on the development of complications was also analyzed. For the statistical analysis, the Chi-square test with Yates correction and Fisher's exact test were used for qualitative variables, and the Mann-Whitney U test for quantitative variables, considering a value of p<0.05 as significant. Results: A total of 100 patients who underwent appendectomy were analyzed, 50 for OA and 50 for LA. Statistically significant differences were found (p=0.031) in the development of global postoperative complications between OA (2%) and LA (20%). However, regarding the development of intra-abdominal abscesses (IAA), the study found no significant differences between both surgical techniques. When analyzing the clinical-demographic characteristics of the patients, statistically significant differences were found in age, with a median of 24.5 years in the OA group and 35 years in the LA group (p=0.041). In the intraoperative variables, the surgical time of LAs was significantly longer than that of AAs (p=0.009), exceeding 60 minutes of surgery in 100% of them. Likewise, the use of intra-abdominal drainage (p=0.046) and the length of postoperative stay (p=0.01) showed significant differences, both being predominant in LA. When variables were studied as possible risk factors for the development of post-surgical complications, significant results were found in the time of surgery (p=0,04), the type of surgical approach (p=0,031) and antibiotic treatment (p=0,013). Conclusions: Patients intervened by LA presented a higher incidence of global complications. The variables significantly associated with the development of complications in our sample were the time of surgery, the type of surgical approach and antibiotic treatment.
Palabras clave/Materias:
apendicectomía
tratamiento quirúrgico
complicaciones postoperatorias
laparoscopia
absceso intraabdominal postquirúrgico
apendicitis aguda
Área de conocimiento :
CDU: Ciencias aplicadas: Medicina
Tipo de documento :
info:eu-repo/semantics/bachelorThesis
Derechos de acceso:
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Aparece en las colecciones:
TFG- Medicina



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