Resumen :
Introducción: Durante las diferentes olas de la pandemia de la Covid-19, la incidencia de gripe y virus respiratorio sincitial (VRS) disminuyó, en parte, por las medidas de aislamiento. En 2022/2023, estos virus reaparecen en detrimento del SARS-CoV-2, por lo que surge la necesidad de evaluar cómo ... Ver más
Introduction: During the different waves of the Covid-19 pandemic, the incidence of influenza and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) decreased, in part, due to isolation measures. In 2022/2023, these viruses reappear to the detriment of SARS-CoV-2, so the need arises to evaluate how they currently behave at the hospital level. Objective: To compare the characteristics of patients admitted to HGUCS Internal Medicine for viral infection (SARS-CoV-2, RSV or Influenza) and to analyze the clinical evolution (represented by hospital stay, all-cause mortality during admission and 90 days after admission and need for readmission 90 days after discharge) according to which viral infection they have presented and to investigate which factors may influence it. Methods: Retrospective cohort study in a tertiary level hospital between November 1, 2023 and March 15, 2024, in patients ≥18 years admitted to MIN/UEI with microbiologically confirmed respiratory infection due to influenza, Covid-19 or RSV. Coinfections by more than one of the included viruses were excluded. Results: 116 patients were included (56% women; median age 86 years; 67.28% SARS-CoV-2, 53.36% influenza A and 13.92% RSV). There was higher enolism in influenza A and higher CRP at admission, mortality during admission and 90 days after admission in the SARS-CoV-2 subgroup. Overall mortality during admission was 14.7%, at 90 days 28.4% and 34 patients (29.3%) were readmitted 90 days after discharge. Chronic renal failure and SARS-CoV-2 vaccination were shown to be protective factors for hospital stay, while bacterial superinfection was shown to be a risk factor. Arterial hypertension was shown as a protective factor on mortality at 90 days after admission; however, ventimask use, solid neoplasm and age were shown as risk factors. On readmission 90 days after discharge, type 2 diabetes mellitus, solid neoplasia and Charlson index were shown as risk factors. Conclusions:According to the results, despite the fact that baseline characteristics were similar in the 3 viruses, mortality on admission and at 90 days after admission was higher in patients admitted for SARS-CoV-2. Several risk factors were identified such as bacterial superinfection, use of ventimask, presence of solid neoplasm, age, type 2 diabetes mellitus and Charlson index.
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