Numerical model for vibro-acoustics analysis of tyre-road noise generation caused by speed bumps

Abstract

Electric vehicles, particularly when driving at low speeds, present a solution to mitigate the impact of road traffic on noise pollution. However, specific urban traffic scenarios still give rise to increased noise levels due to road irregularities such as speed bumps. To address this issue, a model that combines a dynamic analysis using FEM with an acoustic analysis using BEM is developed. The dynamic analysis simulates a quarter vehicle, employing a 3D tyre model equipped with a suspension system, to replicate impacts against obstacles. The resulting tyre vibration serves as a sound source for the study of acoustic propagation. To validate this model, low-speed track tests were conducted using an electric vehicle driving over a speed bump. The instrumentation used was an acoustic camera, which allowed the evaluation of the sound pressure level reached during the tests.