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Evaluación de estrategias sostenibles de fertilización orgánica mediante técnicas de agricultura de precisión en el entorno de la actividad de un campo de golf


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Título :
Evaluación de estrategias sostenibles de fertilización orgánica mediante técnicas de agricultura de precisión en el entorno de la actividad de un campo de golf
Autor :
Guilabert Agulló, Francisco J.
Tutor:
Bustamante, Maria Angeles  
Barber, Xavier  
Editor :
Universidad Miguel Hernández
Departamento:
Departamentos de la UMH::Agroquímica y Medio Ambiente
Fecha de publicación:
2022-12-16
URI :
https://hdl.handle.net/11000/34497
Resumen :
La presente tesis doctoral versa sobre el desarrollo y validación de estrategias sostenibles de fertilización orgánica asociadas al entorno de la actividad agrícola de un campo de golf, mediante el uso de compost de diferente procedencia y calidad, así como de la gestión optimizada de los flujos re...  Ver más
The current Doctoral Thesis deals about the development and validation of sustainable organic fertilization strategies associated to golf course environment activity, through the compost use of different origin and quality, as well as the optimized management of golf course green residual flows, for its integration in the agronomic management of the golf club itself through the compost elaboration, through an environmental feasibility study using remote sensing precision agricultura techniques. Today, huge amounts of different wastes are generated in numerous activities and society spheres. The "linear" system of our current economy (extraction, manufacturing, use and disposal) presents a clear problem of materials flow. On a closer temporal horizon, the depletion of some natural resources and fossil fuels begins to appear. Therefore, at the intersection of environmental and economic aspects, a new "circular" economic development model is being proposed, using and optimizing the stocks and flows of materials, energy and waste, whose objective is the efficiency of the resources use. Linear economic model has an "ecological footprint" not admissible in a shortage and fluctuation context of raw materials. Many ecosystems are degraded or unsustainably exploited. To achieve reasonable and inclusive economic development, it is necessary not to exceed environmental limits. The circular economy concept expects to convert waste into resources, a paradigm basis to a new economic and environmental management system (EC Foundation, 2014). Golf course facilities are not external to this problem and contribute to generation of several waste types in each of its infrastructures, and among these is the fraction of plant remains derived from pruning, lawn mowing and landscaped and playing areas of a golf club. At the same time, golf courses need considerable use of some natural resources and inputs in their activity (electrical energy, irrigation water, fertilizers, pesticides, etc.). Therefore, in the golf course management, economic principles compete strongly with environmental interests. In this sense, the search for alternatives and test routes to develop in this research project can make easier the vegetables waste valorisation by composting, both of residual streams associated with a golf course environment activity and those from other agricultural activities. The organic origin fertilizers applications within the turfgrass fertilization programs on different golf course playing surfaces, coming from green remains and suitable for use as fertilizer, improve a golf club sustainable management, yielding environmental benefits to the environment. In this way, green waste elimination meets some problems, such as transportation to appropriate sites where they can be subjected to different processes, like combustion, that must be entails sufficient energy efficiency and that from the environmental point of view can be assessed as relevant. That is, at present the direct recycling of plant remains in the urban green areas management or biomass agricultural waste is problematic for being inefficient and economically unprofitable (Nuñez-Delgado A., 2012). Furthermore, the organic fertilizers used in this study may also be valid in other application fields than golf, and may be used as a vegetable substrate, in landscape restoration, in the degraded soils recovery, etc. The reuse of raw materials that are currently disposed like waste is one of the circular economy package key principles adopted in December 2015, by European Union (EU, 2016). Commission proposes a regulation that will greatly facilitate the organic fertilizers access and those obtained from waste to the EU single market, putting them on equal terms with traditional inorganic fertilizers. This will create new market opportunities for innovative companies, while reducing the waste volume, energy consumption and damage to environment. Based on this premise, establish action protocols aimed at preserving the golf club natural environment through the organic fertilizers use and even recycling the green waste streams generated by golf course as organic amendments in their environment management activity, can give rise to a new environmental management models and turfgrass conservation protocols, not only having beneficial effects for society environmentally, but at the same time being profitable economically. On the other hand, traditional agriculture considers crop fields in a homogeneous way and applies inputs based on average values over the entire plantation area, which increases maintenance costs and environmental impact. In contrast, in precision agriculture, different amounts of inputs are applied according to the particular needs for each section of a crop and their response is evaluated in real time. Therefore, the implementation within the conservation programs of the green áreas of a golf course of precision agriculture techniques (drones with multispectral vision cameras), in combination with the study of other agricultural variables analysed in the field can generate new protocols in the conservation and agronomic maintenance of a golf course. Consequently, precisión agriculture technologies represent a very useful tool to establish a more optimized and sustainable management of large farms such as golf courses, where even in small plots of its wide extension there may be variability. This new management model not only has environmentally beneficial effects for the surrounding environment, but at the same time can be economically profitable for the golf club itself by generating a more rational use of natural resources and a decrease in the application of different inputs. For all these reasons, in this Thesis we have tried to carry out the development and validation of different fertilization strategies based on the use of organic fertilizers from plant wastes for an integrated and sustainable management of the green areas of a golf course, as a form of management and use of these waste flows, compared to the traditional use of inorganic fertilizers. The evaluation of these strategies is proposed by the use of precision agriculture techniques (remote sensing technologies using a drone flight), which allow a more optimized management of this type of environments
Notas:
Programa de Doctorado en Recursos y Tecnologías Agrarias, Agroambientales y Alimentarias. Grupo de Investigación Aplicada en Agroquímica y Medio Ambiente
Palabras clave/Materias:
Campos de golf
Compostaje
Gestión medioambiental sostenible
Zonas verdes
Tipo de documento :
info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis
Derechos de acceso:
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 Internacional
Aparece en las colecciones:
Tesis doctorales - Ciencias e Ingenierías



Creative Commons La licencia se describe como: Atribución-NonComercial-NoDerivada 4.0 Internacional.