Resumen :
Introducción: El sobrepeso y la obesidad son uno de los motivos de consulta más frecuentes en la práctica clínica, debido a su alta prevalencia, en aumento durante los últimos años. Para su diagnóstico, se usa el índice de masa corporal (IMC), que mide el peso y la estatura de las personas. Junto c... Ver más
Introduction: Overweight and obesity are one of the most frequent reasons for consultation in clinical practice, due to their high prevalence, which has been increasing in recent years. For diagnosis, the body mass index (BMI) is used, which measures a person's weight and height. Together with bioimpedance, it is a doubly indirect method of analyzing body composition. The only way to make a direct measurement of body fat is through cadaver dissection. Among the indirect methods, hydrostatic weighing, plethysmography and hydrometry stand out. Imaging techniques such as ultrasound, MRI, CT, computed tomography of body composition (CTBC), and dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) are also used.
DEXA method is considered the “gold standard” for measuring body composition, however, bioimpedance is used more in clinical practice, due to its lower cost, greater portability, ease of use without the need for prior training, lack of exposure to radiation and greater ease for repeated outpatient measurements. Despite these advantages, BMI is the most used method in routine clinical practice, since it only requires a scale and a stadiometer for its determination.
The justification of this work is to assess the degree of correlation that exists between ultrasound and bioimpedance, for the measurement of body fat, in all population groups.
-Material and methods: This is a cross-sectional descriptive observational study carried out between the months of October 2023 and February 2024. The study population was pediatric patients aged between 8 and 15 years who attended the Children's Endocrinology consultation at the University Hospital of San Juan de Alicante for obesity and/or diabetes mellitus, controls with healthy children from the clinic and adults over 18 years old, regardless of their BMI.
The variables collected were: age, gender, biotype, height, weight, BMI, triceps caliper, Bodymetrix™ measurements on triceps and calf, and body fat percentage using Bodymetrix™ and bioimpedance.
A descriptive analysis of the sample has been carried out in qualitative and quantitative variables. After this, Student's T and Levene's tests were applied to look for differences by age, gender and biotype of the sample obtained. Finally, the correlation coefficient between the variables was assessed to know if this correlation was significant, with a value less than 0,05.
-Results: Pearson´s correlation coefficient demonstrates a significant (p<0,01) and very strong association (0,743) between bioimpedance and the measurement of body fat with Bodymetrix™ in the total population studied. Furthermore, a significant (p<0,01) and very strong association (0,732) is also observed between bioimpedance and the measurement of body fat with Bodymetrix™ in the pediatric population. Finally, a significant (p<0,01) and very strong association (0,903) is seen between bioimpedance and the measurement of body fat with Bodymetrix™ in the adult population.
-Conclusions: The results of this study support the hypothesis that the use of the Bodymetrix™ ultrasound system is a reliable option compared to bioimpedance to evaluate the percentage of total body fat, in pediatric and adult age. In addition, a strong and significant correlation is evident between the Bodymetrix™ system and bioimpedance according to BMI, biotype, weight and triceps caliper measurement, in the pediatric and adult population. However, a correlation is only evident according to gender in the pediatric population.
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