Resumen :
INTRODUCCIÓN: La fibrilación auricular es una enfermedad muy prevalente en la población y se asocia a una gran morbi-mortalidad, siendo el ictus el evento embólico más frecuente. Como tratamiento, tradicionalmente, se han utilizado los antagonistas de la vitamina K, sin embargo, por su perfil de se... Ver más
INTRODUCTION: Atrial fibrillation is a very prevalent disease in the population and is associated with a high morbi-mortality, with stroke being the most frequent embolic event. As treatment, traditionally, vitamin K antagonists have been used, however, due to their safety profile and their exhaustive monitoring, new drugs are currently used as treatment, the direct acting anticoagulants (DACA), which have shown similar efficacy with a more predictable response and simple dosing. Current data show that about half of the patients with a chronic disease discontinue treatment in the first year. Lack of adherence is the main cause of suboptimal treatment response, therefore, research and compilation of effective and applicable strategies to improve adherence is necessary.
AIMS: To identify current studies reporting intervention strategies for improving adherence (or persistence) to direct-acting oral anticoagulants in patients with atrial fibrillation. The secondary objectives are: to compare the different strategies found in the literature in terms of effectiveness/efficacy and to know the methods used to assess nonadherence in the selected studies.
METHODS: A narrative review was conducted following the PRISMA guidelines. The databases used for the search were EMBASE and MEDLINE. Studies were selected involving a population ≥ 18 years old with AF and treated with DOACs, excluding studies that included patients on other anticoagulants or where the administration route of the direct oral anticoagulants was not oral, and did not perform the analysis separately. RESULTS: Out of the 163 records retrieved in the search, 14 articles were included. The publication years ranged from 2018 to 2023. The most commonly reported study design was the randomized clinical trial (85.7%). The location with the most published studies was the U.S.A (28.5%), and many of the interventions took place in Cardiology clinics/tertiary hospitals (50%). The intervention strategies were based on health education, reminders, shared decision-making, or telemonitoring, some of them in combination. All reported methods of measuring adherence were indirect. In most studies, the risk of bias is high.
CONCLUSION: The interventions studied improve adherence to OACD in patients with AF with respect to usual clinical practice, with the use of mixed strategies, with educational programs as the basis for them, standing out.
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