Resumen :
Introducción: El Micetoma es una enfermedad infecciosa crónica que afecta a la piel y el tejido celular subcutáneo y que conlleva una significativa discapacidad. Fue reconocida por la OMS como una Enfermedad Tropical Desatendida (ETD) en el año 2016. Debido a la falta de investigación, es crucial p... Ver más
Introduction: Mycetoma is a chronic infectious disease affecting the skin and subcutaneous cellular tissue that leads to significant disability. It was recognized by WHO as a Neglected Tropical Disease (NTD) in 2016. Due to the lack of research, it is crucial to deepen the knowledge of the etiological agent and its niche in nature in order to improve its diagnosis, treatment and prevention. Methodology: 41 patients (42 samples) with mycetoma from Turkana County were studied. All samples were processed (culture, DNA extraction and PCR) and sequenced for identification. Results: 40 patients aged 12 to 80 years, mostly males (30; 73,17%), were attended, and biopsies (23; 54,76%), exudates (4; 9,52%), fine-needle aspiration (11; 26,19%) and 4 surgical pieces(9,52%) were obtained. The majority were shepherds (17; 41,46%); the feet (35; 85,36%) were the most frequent location of the lesions and the patients mostly wore open shoes. The size of the lesion and the time of evolution of the disease varied widely, with a mode of 6 years of evolution. As for the color of the festering grains through fistulas caused by the lesion, 11 black grains (26,82%) and 18 white and yellow grains (43,9%) were dated. All samples were cultured on Nutrient Agar (NA), Sabouraud Agar (SDA) and some on Horikoshi medium. After extraction and amplification of DNA from patient samples and cultures, microorganisms such as Paraphaeosphaeria neglecta, Curvularia, Alternaria, Chaetomium convolutum or Styreptomyces somaliensis, which have been described as etiological agents of mycetoma, were obtained. Discussion: The study shows the presence of agents recognized as causing eumycetoma and actinomycetoma previously described in the literature. Although we can find actinomycetomas, eumycetoma predominates, which is caused by fungi. The clinical sample collection method that provides the best result is fine needle aspiration. Samples were cultured on new media with characteristics similar to those of the Turkana County soil and growth was obtained on some that had not been grown before, however, no good yield was obtained as they were not mycetoma-causing agents. Conclusion: Turkana County (Kenya) has a high prevalence of mycetoma affecting mainly men in their 30s who are shepherds. The most likely source of infection is acacia trees, aided by the habit of not wearing shoes or wearing open type shoes.
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