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https://hdl.handle.net/11000/31771
Caracterización fisicoquímica, aromática y sensorial de Fondillón, el vino más representativo de la Denominación de Origen Protegida Alicante
Título : Caracterización fisicoquímica, aromática y sensorial de Fondillón, el vino más representativo de la Denominación de Origen Protegida Alicante |
Autor : Issa Issa, Hanán |
Tutor: Carbonell-Barrachina, Ángel A. ![]() López Lluch, David ![]() |
Editor : Universidad Miguel Hernández |
Fecha de publicación: 2023-09-22 |
URI : https://hdl.handle.net/11000/31771 |
Resumen : El Fondillón es un tipo de vino de Alicante único en el mundo; está reconocido por la Unión Europea en su base de datos E-bachus y es el núcleo de la Denominación de Origen Alicante (DOP Alicante). Está elaborado con uvas de la variedad Monastrell sobremaduradas en la cepa; por tanto, su contenido ... Ver más Fondillón is a unique type of Alicante wine in the world; it is recognized by the European Union in its E-bachus database and is the core of the Alicante Denomination of Origin (PDO Alicante). It is made with grapes of the Monastrell variety that are overripe on the vine; thus, its alcohol content (16% v/v) comes exclusively from the grape, and it needs a minimum aging period of 10 years. At the beginning of this doctoral thesis (October 2018), there was only one scientific publication on Fondillón gathered in the SCOPUS database. Therefore, there was no scientific knowledge about what makes this wine special; although anyone who has tried this product knows that it is unique and different from other wines. From this moment on, we set out to study (i) Fondillón and (ii) its consumers, to understand this relationship and thus be able to see its strengths and weaknesses. For this, we established specific objectives that included evaluating (i) the main physicochemical characteristics of Fondillón, (ii) its volatile profile, including the odor-active compounds, (iii) its polyphenolic profile, (iv) its sensory profile (defined by a trained panel and by a panel of consumers), (v) the typical profile of the current consumer, and (vi) key markers to identify possible adulterations or fraud in the marketing of this wine. With these objectives in mind, work began with the support of the Regulatory Council of the DOP Alicante, and two wineries BOCOPA and Monóvar (MGWines); however, it should be noted that no funding of any kind has been received for the completion of this doctoral thesis and that the economic resources have come solely from the Food Quality and Safety (CSA) research group of the Miguel Hernández University of Elche. Various experiments aimed at the progressive knowledge of the product and its consumers were proposed. Finally, 5 articles were published in international journals in which the parameters detailed below were studied: Publication 1 (Journal of Food Quality): physicochemical characteristics and the first approach to the volatile and sensory profile of the types of Fondillón commercialized at the beginning of this doctoral thesis. This article is important because in it the lexicon and tasting sheet/questionnaire for the descriptive sensory evaluation of Fondillón were developed. Publication 2 (Food Chemistry): odor-active compounds and polyphenolic profile. This publication was carried out in collaboration with researchers from Çukurova University (Adana, Turkey), and is the core of this doctoral thesis. Publication 3 (Agronomy): antioxidant activity, chromatic characteristics, total tannin and anthocyanin contents, and began to deepen the knowledge of the regular consumer of this wine. Publication 4 (Foods): degree of consumer satisfaction regarding the types of Fondillón marketed and its main organoleptic attributes. In addition, the profile of the current consumer of Fondillón was studied. Publication 5 (Beverages): development of a method for the identification of potentially adulterated samples that, if sold, could imply fraud. An initial fingerprint was established based on the presence of different parameters at specific concentrations, so that by comparison it can be determined whether the samples under study are suspicious of adulteration or not. As a result of these studies and the corresponding publications, knowledge about Fondillón and who consumes it, when it is consumed and why it is consumed has improved; Although, there are still various questions that we have and that will guide our line of work on PDO Alicante wine. Some of the main conclusions that have been derived from this doctoral thesis are: A specific lexicon and tasting sheet have been developed for an objective description of Fondillón. There are fairly consistent definitions of Fondillón by a trained panel and a panel of consumers: o According to the experts, "sweet, balanced wine (although with a marked alcoholic content), with an intense smell and aroma in which ripe fruits, dried fruits, and toasted notes of coffee predominate, with well-integrated wood and a very long aftertaste”. According to consumers, "a wine with a good balance between alcohol, sweetness and bitterness, with intense floral, fruity and toasted notes, and a long and pleasant aftertaste". Aging markers have been identified: TDN, vitispirane, furfural, and benzaldehyde. Authenticity markers have been identified: fructose, acetic acid, furfural, benzaldehyde, vitispirane, TDN, ethyl octanoate, ethyl decanoate, among others. All the samples evaluated in this doctoral thesis meet the requirements for Fondillón, according to the specifications of the DOP Alicante. But, in order to establish control over the authenticity of the samples being sold and detect possible fraud, an initial model has been developed (which needs improvement in the amount of data on which it is based, and in decision-making automation), based on the authenticity markers, listed above. The typical profile of the current consumer of Fondillón has been identified as “a man between 42 and 52 years of age, with a high cultural/educational level, and with an annual income between 25,000 and 50,000 euros, and who drinks this wine mainly at home and in special occasions". In addition, the main reasons for not consuming Fondillón have been identified, which are: (i) the enormous lack of knowledge of the product on the part of the consumer, (ii) its high price, and (iii) that it is not easy to find it (neither in shops nor in restaurants). All the information generated in this doctoral thesis allows us to have an initial knowledge about Fondillón and who consumes it. However, there are still many unknowns that surround this type of PDO Alicante wine and that we want to continue trying to reveal in the near future. The main lines of work to be followed are: Evaluate a greater number of Fondillón samples from different wineries, from different soleras, and from different vintages, to confirm the volatile profile (aging and authenticity markers). But, for this, the collaboration of all wineries producing and marketing Fondillón is essential. Automate decision-making on the possible adulteration of Fondillón samples using metabolomics techniques (directed and non-directed) and more robust statistical methods. Expand the study on the acceptance of Fondillón and the consumer profile to international markets. And without a doubt, the main line of research and work is to collaborate with the wineries and the DOP Alicante in the development of joint strategies based on science for the promotion of Fondillón, guaranteeing the quality and specificity of the wine marketed |
Notas: Programa de doctorado en Recursos y Tecnologías Agrarias, Agroambientales y Alimentarias |
Palabras clave/Materias: Fondillón Vino Comportamiento del consumidor Propiedades fisicoquímicas |
Área de conocimiento : CDU: Ciencias aplicadas: Ingeniería, tecnología e industria química. Metalurgia:/ Alimentos y nutrición. Enología. Aceites. Grasas |
Tipo de documento : info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis |
Derechos de acceso: info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 Internacional |
Aparece en las colecciones: Tesis doctorales - Ciencias e Ingenierías |
La licencia se describe como: Atribución-NonComercial-NoDerivada 4.0 Internacional.