Predictores del uso de la estrategia invasiva precoz en mujeres con síndrome coronario agudo sin elevación de ST

Abstract

Objetivo: Identificar los determinantes asociados a la estrategia invasiva precoz (EIP) en mujeres con síndrome coronario agudo sin elevación de ST (SCASEST). Diseño: Estudio de cohortes retrospectivo. Análisis crudo y ajustado de la realización de EIP mediante regresión logística no condicional. Ámbito: Unidades coronarias participantes en 2010-2011 en el registro ARIAM-SEMICYUC. Pacientes: Cuatrocientas cuarenta mujeres con SCASEST. Se excluyeron 16 por datos insuficientes y 58 con coronariografía electiva (> 72 h). Variables analizadas: Demográficas, factores de riesgo coronario, medicación previa, comorbilidad. Características clínicas, analíticas, hemodinámicas y electrocardiográficas del episodio. Resultados: Las mujeres tratadas conservadoramente presentaban mayor edad, mayor prevalencia de anticoagulación oral, diabetes, lesiones coronarias previas e insuficiencia cardiaca (p < 0,005), mayor riesgo hemorrágico e isquémico basal (p = 0,05) y mayor frecuencia cardiaca al ingreso (p < 0,05). Tras el ajuste solo la edad mayor de 80 años (OR: 0,48; IC 95%: 0,27-0,82; p = 0,009), las lesiones coronarias conocidas (OR: 0,47; IC 95%: 0,26-0,84, p = 0,011) y la frecuencia cardiaca (OR: 0,98; IC 95%: 0,97-0,99, p = 0,003) se asociaron de forma independiente al tratamiento conservador. El tabaquismo (OR: 2,50; IC 95%: 1,20-5,19; p = 0,013) y el electrocardiograma de alto riesgo (OR: 2,96; IC 95%: 1, 72-4,97; p < 0,001) se asociaron a la EIP. La exclusión de muertes precoces (< 24 h) no alteró estos resultados. Conclusiones: En mujeres con SCASEST el tabaquismo y el electrocardiograma de alto riesgo al ingreso son factores independientes asociados a la EIP. Las lesiones coronarias previas conocidas, la edad > 80 años y el aumento de la frecuencia cardiaca son factores independientes asociados al tratamiento conservador.

To identify determinants associated to an early invasive strategy in women with acute coronary syndromes without ST elevation (NSTE-ACS).Design: A retrospective cohort study was made. Crude and adjusted analysis of the performance of the early invasive strategy using logistic regression.Setting: Coronary Units enrolled in 2010 - 2011 in the ARIAM-SEMICYUC registry.Patients: A total of 440 women with NSTE-ACS were studied. Sixteen patients were excluded due to insufficient data, together with 58 patients subjected to elective coronary angiography (> 72 h).Variables analyzed: Demographic parameters, coronary risk factors, previous medication, comorbidity. Clinical, laboratory, hemodynamic and electrocardiographic data of the episode. Results: Women treated conservatively were of older age, had oral anticoagulation, diabetes, previous coronary lesions, and heart failure (p<0.005), increased baseline bleeding and ischemic risk (p=0.05) and a higher heart rate upon admission (p<0.05). After adjustment, only age > 80 years (OR 0.48, 95% CI 0.27 to 0.82, p=0.009), known coronary lesions (OR 0.47, 95% CI 0.26-0.84, p=0.011), and heart rate (OR 0.98, 95% CI 0.97-0.99, p=0.003) were independently associated to conservative treatment. Smoking (OR 2.50, 95% CI 1.20 to 5.19, p=0.013) and high-risk electrocardiogram (OR 2.96, 95% CI 1.72 to 4.97, p<0.001) were associated to the early invasive strategy. The exclusion of early deaths (<24 h) did not alter these results.Conclusions: In women with NSTE ACS, smoking and a high-risk electrocardiogram upon admission were independent factors associated to the early invasive strategy. Previous coronary lesions, age > 80 years and increased heart rate were independent factors associated to conservative treatment.