Abstract:
INTRODUCCIÓN: el empleo de contrastes iodados (CI) en procedimientos radiológicos
diagnósticos y terapéuticos lleva asociado el posible desarrollo de nefropatía inducida por
contraste (NIC). El tratamiento del síndrome coronario agudo (SCA), se basa fundamentalmente
en el intervencionismo coronario... Ver más
BACKGROUND: the use of iodinated contrast agents (IC) in diagnostic and therapeutic
radiological procedures is associated with the possible development of contrast-induced
nephropathy (CIN). The treatment of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is mainly based on
percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) via the arterial route, which necessarily uses IC. This,
together with the fact that patients requiring PCI have high comorbidity, may increase the risk
of CIN. CIN is an event that is difficult to predict, so preventive measures, preferably
individualized, as well as prediction tools, are of great interest. These include the Mehran Risk
Score (MRS), which estimates the risk of CIN according to patient- and procedure-dependent
clinical variables, such as the volume of IC administered. Although studies suggest that female
sex is associated with a higher incidence of CIN, MRS does not include sex as a determinant. The
effect of female sex on the increased incidence of CIN has been related to older age, comorbidity
and worse estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). The aim of this study is to test whether
sex is related to the development of CIN in patients undergoing PCI and whether IC dose
adjusted for body surface area (BSA) and eGFR in women correlates with its higher incidence.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: retrospective observational analytic sub-study in patients admitted
for ACS in the Intensive Care Department of the Hospital General Universitario de Elche
undergoing PCI from 01/06/2019 to 30/03/2021.
RESULTS: a total of 135 patients were analysed. 18 of them (13.33% of the total) developed CIN
at 72h post-procedure. Of these 18 patients with CIN, 10 were female (58.82%), older (74 vs. 64;
p=0.010), with smaller BSA (1.69 vs. 1.89m2; p=0.0001) and comorbidity: hypertension (78.43%
vs. 53.54%; p=0.002); dyslipidaemia (58.82% vs. 37.37%; p=0.012). The risk of CIN estimated by
MRS for both sexes was moderate, although higher scores were observed in women (median value 7 vs. 6; p=0.03). Women did not receive significantly more IC in absolute (IC volume) or
relative (IC volume adjusted for ASC and eGFR) terms, but overall, CIN patients did receive more
IC related to eGFR (2.72 ml vs. 1.87 ml, p=0.038). Factors independently associated with the
development of CIN were female sex (OR 6.505, p=0.042) and renal insufficiency at admission:
eGFR<30ml/min/1.73m2 (OR=50.32, p=0.036) and eGFR 30-45ml/min/1.73m2 (OR 38.73,
p=0.013).
CONCLUSIONS: female sex was independently associated with the development of CIN, along
with glomerular filtration rate at admission. No differences were found in the preventive
measures administered. IC volume adjustment for ASC was not associated with increased
incidence of CIN in women, but adjustment for eGFR was associated with increased incidence of
CIN in women regardless of sex. The MRS was an acceptable risk scale despite not including
female sex as a variable.
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