Abstract:
Introducción: La sensibilidad química múltiple (SQM) es una afección en la que los
individuos presentan sintomatología muy variada e inespecífica como respuesta anómala a la
exposición a productos químicos medioambientales en concentraciones no nocivas para el
resto de la población, con una gran va... Ver más
Introduction: Multiple chemical sensitivity (MCS) is a condition in which individuals present
highly varied and non-specific symptoms as an abnormal response to exposure to
environmental chemicals in concentrations that are not harmful to the rest of the population,
with a wide variety of disruptors. The etiology of MCS is not clear, just as there are no
diagnostic tools or biological markers to confirm the disease. The diagnosis is clinical. There is
currently no specific treatment for MCS. An electronic device called eNose has been
developed, capable of detecting volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in human fluids, thus
obtaining more information about their pathophysiological status.
Material and methods: Retrospective, transversal, non-intervention observational study.
This work is a preliminary study with 27 patients (out of a total sample of 52) with MCS treated
in Internal Medicine at the HUSJ until April 2023. The Engineering Department of the UMH has
developed a new low-cost eNose instrument, with the aim of maximizing the characterization
of volatile gases released in biological media. Twenty-seven urine samples have been collected
from these MCS patients for further processing with this device (eN). PCA (Principal
Component Analysis) has been used for data analysis. A classification model has been created,
which together with the eN technology, has classified the urine samples according to whether
they belonged to a healthy subject (control) or with MCS. In addition, we have used the cluster
analysis technique to establish subgroups.
Results: 23 women (85.2%) and 4 men (14.8%) were included with a mean age of 53.26 ±
13 years (range: 27-77) and 61.25 ± 9.4 years (range: 54-75) respectively. Of these patients, only 3 (11.1%) did not present comorbidity, the rest (88.9%) also had fibromyalgia or CFS.
55.6% of the patients associated anxiety and 40.7% depression. The majority, 76.9%, related
the symptoms to chemical substances, 65.4% reported food intolerances and 53.8% attributed
it to Hg. The classification model has been shown to have an accuracy of 93.75%, a sensitivity
of 83%, and a specificity of 100%. The cluster analysis has differentiated 2 subgroups of
patients with MCS.
Conclusion: The classification of samples has shown a high performance, which indicates
that urine principal component analysis could be a useful tool for the diagnosis and follow-up
of patients with MCS, although more studies are necessary to confirm these findings. In this
way, the eN may represent an advance in the diagnostic evaluation of patients with MCS,
compared to the QEESI questionnaire. In addition, the eN could differentiate subgroups of
patients with MCS, thus facilitating a more targeted and individualized approach.
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