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https://hdl.handle.net/11000/28937
Respuestas fisiológicas y metabólicas a la aplicación foliar de aminoácidos en plantas de tomate
Título : Respuestas fisiológicas y metabólicas a la aplicación foliar de aminoácidos en plantas de tomate |
Autor : Alfosea Simón, Marina ![]() |
Tutor: García-Sánchez, Francisco ![]() Simón Vilella, Inmaculada ![]() |
Editor : Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche |
Departamento: Departamentos de la UMH::Producción Vegetal y Microbiología |
Fecha de publicación: 2022-04-22 |
URI : https://hdl.handle.net/11000/28937 |
Resumen : El tomate (Solanum lycopersicum L.) es uno de los alimentos vegetales más consumidos a nivel mundial por sus propiedades nutricionales y antioxidantes. Su cultivo tiene una gran repercusión a nivel social y económico. En los últimos años se ha producido una disminución de la producción y la calidad... Ver más Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is one of the most consumed vegetables worldwide due to its great nutritional and antioxidant properties. Its cultivation has a great impact on a social and economic level. In recent years there has been a decrease in production and harvest quality due to the adverse effects of climate change, and the incidence of pests and diseases. Therefore, agriculture faces the challenge of having to increase production in a climate change environment, with the added objective of using sustainable techniques that have the least possible impact on the environment. At the present time, new agronomic strategies are being designed and evaluated as an alternative to conventional practices, such as the use of biostimulant products. Specifically, the use of these products plays a fundamental role in improving crop yield by having a beneficial effect on plants. Many of these products are formulated with amino acids, and although there is no doubt about the positive effects of the application of products rich in amino acids, little is known about the role that each amino acid plays in physiological and metabolic processes of plants. Under this context, the overall objective of this thesis has consisted of knowing the role played by amino acids in tomato plants and how these compounds could be applied in order to improve the production and quality of the crop. For this, four independent experiments have been carried out and each of them corresponds to a chapter of the thesis. In the first experiment, the agronomic performance of 10 tomato varieties were tested in order to select those four that had the most different agronomic characteristics. Of these ten, ‘Cherry’, ‘Green Zebra’, ‘Montserrat’ and ‘Tres Cantos’ were chosen and an ionomic, metabolic and hormonal study was conducted with the purpose of determining the nutrients and metabolites that predominate in the phenological states and relate the agronomic characteristics with these compounds. For its part, in the second experiment, in pot-grown tomato seedlings it was evaluated the effect of foliar application of the following amino acids: aspartic acid (Asp), glutamic acid (Glu), alanine (Ala) and the mixtures Asp+Glu and Asp+Glu+Ala, in the physiological, morphological and nutritional responses in these plants. The third experiment was similar to the second, with the difference that this experiment was conducted to know the effects of foliar application of tyrosine (Tyr), lysine (Lys), methionine (Met) and their mixture (Tyr+Lys+Met) in tomato seedlings Finally, the fourth experiment consisted of studying the tolerance to salinity of tomato plants grown in hydroponics with foliar application of the amino acids: methionine (Met), arginine (Arg), proline (Pro), glutamic acid (Glu), tryptophan (Trp) and the Met+Arg, Met+Trp and Glu+Pro mixtures. Of all these experiments, the most relevant conclusions were those shown below: First test: of the ten varieties studied agronomically, ‘Cherry’, ‘Green Zebra’, ‘Montserrat’ and ‘Tres Cantos’ were selected for an ionomic, metabolic and hormonal study to determine the predominant nutrients and metabolites in the different phenological phases and relate them to their agronomic characteristics. It was observed that the variability of the results could be explained mainly by the different phenological phases during the development of the crop, rather than by the variety. The main compounds were N (4.71 g 100 g-1 dw), K (3.86 g 100 g-1 dw), P (0.53 mg g-1 dw), glutamate (5.21 mg g-1 dw), glutamine (2.89 mg g-1 dw), aspartate (1.54 mg g-1 dw), tyrosine (2.36 mg g-1 dw), phenylalanine (1.70 mg g-1 dw), sucrose (14.4 mg g-1 dw), malate (13.2 mg g-1 dw) and isopentenyladenine (iP) (2.65 ng g-1 dw). These compounds varied according to the phenological state, and, through statistical analysis, no correlation was found between these compounds and the agronomic characteristics. But, it can be concluded, for each phenological phase, which compounds could be part of the biostimulant products to supply the crops with those they need most. Second test: in this experiment it was concluded that the foliar application of amino acids can have a beneficial effect on the vegetative development of tomato plants. Specifically, in this experiment the combined foliar application of Asp+Glu had better results than when they were applied individually. On the other hand, when Ala was applied with a dose of 15 mM it was toxic and this action was not reversed when Asp+Glu+Ala were applied simultaneously. Finally, it should be noted that all amino acids produced changes in the ionomic, physiological and metabolomic profile of the plants. Third test: in this experiment it was revealed that the foliar application of Tyr, Lys and Met at a concentration of 15 mM had beneficial effects on tomato plants, since there was an increase in vegetative development in relation to the control plants. These treatments stimulated ACO2 and increased the effective use of nutrients so, despite the fact that during the experiment it was observed that plants treated with amino acids the mineral concentration was reduced, this did not have limitations in the physiological processes. It was concluded that the application of these AAs could become useful in the cultivation of horticultural plants, such as tomatoes. • Fourth test: the results in this experiment showed that salinity decreased the growth of the plants, but those treated with Met, Pro+Glu and Met+Trp reversed the negative effect caused by this stress. This was not due to differences in the concentration of Cl- or Na accumulated in the leaves or to changes in the water state of the plants, but to a greater accumulation of total soluble sugars, which could have acted as antioxidant compounds deactivating the reactive species of oxygen caused by the toxicity of these ions. The results of this experiment also highlight having known the antagonistic or synergistic effects that occur between AAs, knowledge that must be taken into consideration when formulating biostimulant products |
Notas: Programa de Doctorado en Recursos y Tecnologías Agrarias, Agroambientales y Alimentarias |
Palabras clave/Materias: Tomates Aminoácidos Fisiología vegetal |
Área de conocimiento : CDU: Ciencias puras y naturales: Botánica |
Tipo de documento : info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis |
Derechos de acceso: info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
Aparece en las colecciones: Tesis doctorales - Ciencias e Ingenierías |
La licencia se describe como: Atribución-NonComercial-NoDerivada 4.0 Internacional.