Por favor, use este identificador para citar o enlazar este ítem: https://hdl.handle.net/11000/28540

Implicación del sistema inmunitario y avances en inmunoterapia en el tratamiento del cáncer colorrectal


Vista previa

Ver/Abrir:
 GONZALEZ GARRIDO, LAURA, TFG.pdf

4,3 MB
Adobe PDF
Compartir:
Título :
Implicación del sistema inmunitario y avances en inmunoterapia en el tratamiento del cáncer colorrectal
Autor :
González-Garrido, Laura  
Tutor:
Caparrós Cayuela, Esther  
Editor :
Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche
Departamento:
Departamentos de la UMH::Medicina Clínica
Fecha de publicación:
2022-05-15
URI :
https://hdl.handle.net/11000/28540
Resumen :
Justificación El cáncer colorrectal es uno de los más frecuentes y una importante causa de muerte a nivel mundial. Numerosos factores, tanto genéticos como ambientales, participan en la carcinogénesis y la progresión de estos tumores. El sistema inmune interviene en este proceso en un intento de re...  Ver más
Background Colorectal cancer is one of the most frequent cancers and an important cause of death worldwide. Numerous factors, both genetic and environmental, participate in the carcinogenesis and progression of these tumors. The immune system comes into play in this process in an attempt to restore the homeostasis of the organism. This fact has contributed to the development of immunotherapy, a new treatment modality that is based on the modification of certain characteristics of the immune system through the use of drugs, thus managing to enhance the antitumor immune response. In recent years, it has gained prominence in the field of oncology, with the development of new drugs that have proven to be effective in the treatment of certain tumors such as melanoma. However, up until now, it continues to be a very limited therapeutic modality, although at the same time promising. Objective This end-of-degree project aims to review the role of the immune system in the control of colorectal cancer, the bases of immunotherapy and the treatments available in this field in recent years. Hypothesis The immune system exerts initial and advanced control of tumors that affect the colon and rectum. Immunotherapy targeting immune checkpoints is shown to be a fundamental and essential tool for the future management of patients with colorectal cancer. Methods In this end-of-degree project, a bibliographic review has been carried out through a systematic search in the PubMed and Google Scholar databases, as well as in the library of the Miguel Hernández University. Scientific articles published from 2016 were selected. Results The immune system plays an essential role in the control of colorectal cancer, at the same time that it favors its progression by exerting a selective pressure on it that contributes to the development of immune evasion mechanisms, among which the modification of immune control points stands out. Pembrolizumab, Nivolumab and Ipilimumab are inhibitors of these checkpoints that have been shown to be effective in the treatment of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer with microsatellite instability and defects in DNA mismatch repair systems. Immunotherapy research seeks to identify which patients could benefit from it and monitor their response through the use of biomarkers, as well as to extend the use of these treatments to other colorectal tumors, by modifying their characteristics and developing new therapies. Conclusions - The immune system has a dual role in colorectal cancer, participating in tumor elimination while positively selecting for resistant tumor populations. Colorectal tumors have a microenvironment, in which immune cells, under the influence of immune evasion mechanisms developed by the tumor, contribute to their progression. - MSI-H and dMMR colorectal cancer modifies the expression of immune checkpoints and thus inhibits the action of T lymphocytes. - Current immunotherapy treatments use antibodies against PD-1 (Pembrolizumab and Nivolumab) and CTLA-4 (Ipilimumab) in patients with dMMR-MSI-H tumors. Pembrolizumab was shown to be superior to chemotherapy in these patients (KEYNOTE-177), thus approving its use as first-line treatment in these cases. However, checkpoint inhibitors are not effective in pMMR-MSI-L or pMMR/MSS colorectal cancer. - New research in immunotherapy is focused on the modification of pMMR-MSI-L or pMMR/MSS colorectal tumors and the development of new treatments for these patients, as well as on the study of biomarkers
Palabras clave/Materias:
Cáncer colorrectal
Sistema inmune
Inmunoterapia
Inhibidor de los puntos de control inmunitario
Inestabilidad microsatelital
dMMR-MSI-H
pMMR-MSI-L
Biomarcador
Área de conocimiento :
CDU: Ciencias aplicadas: Medicina
Tipo de documento :
info:eu-repo/semantics/bachelorThesis
Derechos de acceso:
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 Internacional
Aparece en las colecciones:
TFG- Medicina



Creative Commons La licencia se describe como: Atribución-NonComercial-NoDerivada 4.0 Internacional.