Resumen :
Introducción y objetivos: Se desconocen las secuelas a medio-largo plazo de los
pacientes con síndrome de distrés respiratorio del adulto (SDRA) secundario a neumonía
por SARS-CoV-2. Nuestro objetivo es describir las secuelas clínicas, funcionales y
radiológicas más frecuentes, así como valorar si ... Ver más
Introduction and aims: The medium-long-term sequelae of patients with adult respiratory
distress syndrome (ARDS) secondary to SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia are unknown. Our
objective is to describe the most frequent clinical, functional, and radiological sequelae, as
well as to assess whether the patients who developed ARDS during admission were more
affected.
Material and methods: Observational, prospective study, which includes patients with a
diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia who required admission between 03/01/2020 and
11/30/2020 and with subsequent follow-up in Pneumology consultations at 3-6 months after
discharge with complete pulmonary function tests (spirometry, diffusion and lung volumes),
as well as a 6-minute walk test when considered indicated. Demographic, clinical and
radiological variables were included, as well as lung function tests. After descriptive analysis,
the Student's T test, Mann-Whitney U, χ2 and Fisher's exact test were used for comparisons.
Results: 150 patients were studied, with a mean age of 59 ± 12 years, of which 60% were
men and 35% met criteria for ARDS. A 6-minute walk test was performed in 75 patients
(50%). At 3 months after admission, 63% of the patients had clinical alterations, 35%
radiological alterations, and 34% functional alterations. The most frequent symptoms were:
dyspnea (49%), asthenia (31%), cough (14%), chest pain (10%) and myalgia (8%). The most
frequent functional ones were: decrease in diffusion (33%), air trapping (23%), restriction
(14%) and obstruction (12%). The radiological ones were: ground glass pattern (21%), septal
thickening (14%), crosslinking (12%) and fibrotic bands (9%). Patients with ARDS during
admission had more clinical sequelae as dyspnea (64%, p = 0.032) and asthenia (31%, p =
0.004). These patients presented worse FVC% (p = 0.001), FEV1% (p = 0.008), DLCO% (p
= 0.001), VR% (p = 0.024), TLC% (p = 0.004) and also covered less distance in the 6-minute
walk test (p = 0.036). They also had more radiological sequelae as ground glass pattern
(46%, p = 0.0001), septal thickening (33%, p = 0.0001), reticulation (33%, p = 0.008) and
fibrotic bands (21%, p = 0.002).
Conclusions: 3-6 months after admission, the most frequent clinical alterations were
dyspnea and asthenia. Functionally, the most frequent was the decrease in diffusion. The
most common abnormalities on CT were ground glass pattern, septal thickening, and
crosslinking. Patients who have presented severe pneumonia with ARDS have more
sequelae from a clinical, functional and radiological point of view at 3 months of follow-up.
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