Abstract:
El Alto Valle del Reno (Alta Valle del Reno, AVR) es una tierra de frontera entre Toscana y Emilia-Romaña marcada por el río Reno, por los intensos bosques y por una identidad propia caracterizada por la montaña, el agua y la frontera. El patrimonio natural y cultural basado en los conocimientos et... Ver más
The upper valley of the Reno river (Alta Valle del Reno, AVR) is a borderland between Tuscany and Emilia-Romagna, marked by the Reno river, intense forests and an own identity characterized by mountains, water and frontier. The natural and cultural heritage based on ethnobotanical knowledge of AVR have been studied, documented and analyzed through semi-structured interviews to 113 native informants from the 6 municipalities that the Reno River crosses in its initial mountainous stretch between Tuscany and Emilia-Romagna. The information is presented in an ethnofloristic catalogue of cultivated and wild species known by the community. In order to highlight the cultural specificity and biological characteristics of AVR, information about traditional uses of wild plants and cultivated plants, were analyzed and studied in depth, just if in the latter case, uses are different from those for which each plant is commonly grown. A total of 281 species, 814 common names, 1165 uses and 3667 citations were collected. Most of the useful species are collected in anthropogenic environments or in forests. The species with more relative importance are Urtica dioica L., Taraxacum campylodes G.E.Haglund (s.l.), Malva sylvestris L., Castanea sativa Mill. and Clematis vitalba L. Species for food and medicinal uses revealed to be the most important. In traditional food, 142 species are used, mostly in liquors, salads, cooked vegetables and rural snacks. Practices on functional food or food medicines are very important in the local culture. The ethno-taxonomical, ethno-gastronomical and nutraceutical category of "radicchi" is very relevant. In family or traditional medicine they have been collected 142 species and 1455 events, in which the panaceas species Malva sylvestris L. and Matricaria chamomilla L. are highlighted. The most important diseases treated with local species are dermatological diseases, respiratory and digestive problems. The degree of novelty of the investigation compared with the local literature is of 88.20% in vernacular plant names and 91.33% in traditional applications or uses, due among other factors, to the lack of previous Ethnobotany studies in the area, despite the highly studied culture and history of Alto Valle del Reno. Popular wisdom related to plants has been manifested more greatly in the Emilian part than in the Tuscan part of the AVR in several aspects, and Ethnobotany of the AVR has shown a highest influence by the Emilian culture rather than the Tuscan one
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