Resumen :
Esta tesis presenta una serie de técnicas de metrología óptica basadas en
fotónica de microondas (MWP), cuya incorporación permite la mejora de
ciertas figuras de mérito con respecto a sus equivalentes puramente fotónicos
en el ámbito de la metrología óptica y de la interrogación de sensores
de fib... Ver más
This thesis presents several techniques of optical metrology based on Microwave
Photonics (MWP), whose incorporation allows for improving some
figures of merit with respect to its purely photonic equivalents in the fields
of optical metrology and interrogation of optical fiber sensors (OFS).
After an introduction where some of the most relevant types of OFSs and
the four main methods of optical reflectometry are described, the publications
that form the compendium of this thesis are summarized. These
have been divided in those which present techniques based on dispersive
incoherent optical frequency-domain reflectometry (DI-OFDR), or systems
with improvements that can be employed in DI-OFDR, and those which
have searched and studied the metrology applications of the frequency
shifting loops (FSL). The first group of techniques refers to systems based
on incoherent optical frequency-domain reflectometry (I-OFDR) where the
inclusion of a dispersive element in the optical circuit allows for incorporating
new functionalities. In particular, measuring wavelength shiftings
in narrow band reflectors by detecting the differential group delay of modulated
waves. The second refers to the theoretical and experimental study
of frequency combs generated by amplified fiber loops that include a frequency
shifting loop, and that allow for generating a wide group of optical waveforms of interest in, among other fields, metrology applications.
On the one hand, the publications related to DI-OFDR have consisted in:
the development of an interrogation method of fiber Bragg gratings (FBG)
by a dual-wavelength source; the minimization of the number of interrogation
points in frequency in DI-OFDR systems adapted to a topology of
equally-spaced reflectors, as well as the development of a method based
only in power measurements; and the implementation of a system with
electro-optic downconversion and detection at intermediate frequency for
conducting reflectometric measurements either single-point or distributed
and, in this case, with wavelength selectivity. Among other advantages,
these systems have allowed for interrogating FBGs with picometric resolution
and high power efficiency, interrogating FBG arrays with speeds
up to 10 μs per sensing element, and detecting discrete reflective events
with reflectivities up to 90 dB and Rayleigh backscattering in C band in
standard monomode fiber; respectively.
On the other hand, the publications related to FSLs have been focused,
respectively, on the application of the chirped optical waveforms generated
by these devices for distance measuring with millimetric resolution
by digital pulse compression, taking advantage of its high time-bandwidth
product ( 200), and the theoretical description of these waveforms. Using
a description of the field generated by the FSLs based on an analogy with
diffractive optics, new properties of the chirped pulses generated by FSLs
have been described. In particular, the existence of phase capture between
different pulses, the presence of chirp linearity deviations, and the experimental
verification of the coincidence between the Talbot phases generated
in FSLs and the Gauss perfect phase sequences. The results of this second
part of the thesis show, besides a good agreement between the theoretical
model and the measured pulses, the feasibility of using FSLs for laser dis- tance measuring with digital pulse compression, obtaining compression and
repetition rates of 150 and 80 MHz, respectively, and a 20 GHz bandwidth.
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