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Estudio estructural y aplicaciones biomédicas de los módulos de unión a colina: Antimicrobianos frente a Streptococcus pneumoniae


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Title:
Estudio estructural y aplicaciones biomédicas de los módulos de unión a colina: Antimicrobianos frente a Streptococcus pneumoniae
Authors:
Roig Molina, Emma
Tutor:
Sanz Morales, Jesús Miguel
Maestro García-Donas, Beatriz
Editor:
Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche
Department:
Departamentos de la UMH::Bioquímica y Biología Molecular
Issue Date:
2020-02-28
URI:
http://hdl.handle.net/11000/25551
Abstract:
Streptococcus pneumoniae (neumococo) es una de las bacterias mundialmente más relevantes causante de varias enfermedades como neumonías, meningitis y otitis media. La vacunación contra neumococo y el tratamiento con antibióticos constituyen dos estrategias de lucha contra este patógeno que resultan...  Ver más
Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus) is a Gram-positive bacterium responsible for infections with high impact such as pneumonia, meningitis and otitis media. Pneumococcal vaccination and antibiotic treatment are two strategies to combat this pathogen, but they are incomplete due to the wide serotype variety of S. pneumoniae and the increasing levels of resistance to traditional antibiotics. These problems foster the search for alternative therapeutic targets for the development of new antimicrobials that avoid complications arising from antimicrobial resistance. Choline binding proteins (CBPs) of S. pneumoniae are a family of modular polypeptides that play essential roles for this pathogen. CBPs recognize choline residues present in teichoic acids using the so-called choline binding modules (CBMs), which in turn contain repeated motifs of around 20 residues (CBRs, choline binding repeats). The main purpose of this Doctoral Thesis is the development of new antimicrobial agents against S. pneumoniae, with a focus on the CBP family. This Thesis has been structured in three sections according to the studied compounds: Esters of bicyclic amines (EBAs) EBAs are choline analogs that were initially designed as inhibitors of CBPs. However, previous studies had shown to act as growth inhibitors of S. pneumoniae, displaying an unexpected lytic activity. In this work, we demonstrate that EBAs are destabilizers of the membrane cell. The inhibitory and disintegrating activity of EBAs in pneumococcal biofilms was tested. The EBA 31 compound produced the highest effect in the biofilms of S. pneumoniae, as well as in mixed biofilms formed by S. pneumoniae plus non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae. In addition, EBAs proved to be effective against the proliferation of promishigotes from Leishmania donovani. These results support the role of EBAs as a promising alternative for the development of new broad-spectrum antimicrobial drugs, being effective against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, as well as against to eukaryotic pathogens.Choline binding modules (CBMs) We have tested the ability of three natural CBMs (C-LytA, C-CbpD, C-Cpl1) and one engineered derivative (LZ-C-LytA) to compete with host CBPs for the access to choline on the bacterial surface, with the aim of interfering with CBPs activity. The interaction of the CBMs with free choline and synthetic cell-wall mimics was evaluated by fluorescence and circular dichroism spectroscopies, as well as surface plasmon resonance. On the other hand, exogenous addition of CBMs to pneumococcal planktonic cultures caused cell-chaining, bacterial aggregation and sedimentation. This result prompted us to assess the capacity of CBMs to promote bacterial phagocytosis by peritoneal macrophages, suggesting that these polypeptides might constitute a promising basis for antimicrobial candidates based on the natural induction of the host defense system. Peptides derived from LytA autolysin Previous laboratory studies had shown that an isolated CBR from the pneumoccocal LytA autolysin (P4A) has sufficient information to acquire a native-like structure, being able to recognize choline, although with residual affinity. In order to find the minimum number of repeats necessary to obtain a similar effect than natural CBMs, the analysis of simple constructions resulted from duplication and triplication of the P4A sequence (P4B and P4C peptides) was carried out. Next, we evaluated the interaction of the peptides with free choline, as well as the conformational change from β-hairpin to α-helix as induced by detergent micelles. Moreover, P4B and P4C peptides showed bactericidal activity in pneumococcal cultures due to the premature release of LytA amidase caused by cell membrane alteration. In order to increase its effectiveness through multivalence effects, dendrimers with several copies of P4A peptide (g2-P4A and g3-P4A) were synthetized and assayed. Here we demonstrate that g2-P4A and g3-P4A compounds are potent antimicrobials at very low concentrations (nanomolar order) by a mechanism independent of host lytic enzymes or the presence choline on the surface. Finally, assays on zebrafish infection models showed that g3-P4A exerts a protective effect against pneumococcal disease in vivo.
Keywords/Subjects:
Neumococo
Biología molecular
Proteinas
Microbiología clínica
Knowledge area:
CDU: Ciencias puras y naturales: Biología
Type of document:
info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis
Access rights:
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Appears in Collections:
Tesis doctorales - Ciencias e Ingenierías



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