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Diseño y optimización de nanopartículas con aplicaciones biotecnológicas: captura de contaminantes, transporte y almacenamiento de biomoléculas


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Título :
Diseño y optimización de nanopartículas con aplicaciones biotecnológicas: captura de contaminantes, transporte y almacenamiento de biomoléculas
Autor :
Hornos, Felipe  
Tutor:
Gómez Pérez, Francisco Javier
Editor :
Universidad Miguel Hernández
Departamento:
Departamentos de la UMH::Agroquímica y Medio Ambiente
Fecha de publicación:
2020-11-05
URI :
http://hdl.handle.net/11000/25503
Resumen :
La adsorción de proteínas y otras biomoléculas a superficies sólidas es un proceso que afecta virtualmente a cualquier superficie utilizada para la manipulación o almacenamiento de estas moléculas. Estos procesos de adsorción suelen inducir una disminución en la estabilidad conformacional de la pro...  Ver más
The adsorption of proteins and other biomolecules to solid surfaces is a process that affects virtually any surface used for the storage manipulation of these molecules. These adsorption processes usually induce a decrease in the conformational stability of the adsorbed protein with potential negative effects on its subsequent biological identity due to denaturation, aggregation or fibrillation processes. This Doctoral Thesis focuses on the interaction between polymers formed by charged monomers (polyelectrolytes) capable of inhibiting the adsorption of proteins to silica surfaces, a material ubiquitous almost all biotechnological applications or in the everyday laboratory work. Indeed, the coating of silica surfaces with high charge density polyelectrolytes prevents protein adsorption. High charge density cationic polymers show a high affinity for the silica surface (negatively charged above pH 3) due to the synergistic effect of the attractive electrostatic interactions established between each of its monomers and the solid particle. Since the affinity of the protein for that same surface is lower, it cannot compete satisfactorily for the silica surface once coated with the polyelectrolyte. Polyelectrolyte coated surfaces can also serve as adsorbents of ligands of opposite charge. This Doctoral Thesis presents some advances in the optimization of these adsorption processes of ligands to nanoparticles whose surface is covered with polyelectrolytes to confer them the properties demanded for the capture, transport or storage of specific ligands. In particular, the coating of the surface of silica particles with the cationic polyelectrolyte, PDADMACl (poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride), allows adsorbing of ligands with opposite charge quite efficiently. The capacity of the particles thus coated can be modulated by adjusting, rationally and predictably, the difference in pH between which it is used to obtain the coating and that corresponding to its conditions of use. It has been experimentally demonstrated that the greater the difference between the pH at which the silica particle coating is carried out and the pH at which they are to be used, the greater the increase in the amount of ligand that will be adsorbed (compared to the amount that similar particles would absorb if their coating had been made at this second pH). Using polyelectrolytes of different nature, magnetite nanoparticles with high colloidal stability and capable of adsorbing both cationic and anionic ligands have been obtained. The ability of polyelectrolytes to reduce dramatically the size of naked magnetite particles along with factors that optimize their colloidal stability and ability to capture various ligands have been thoroughly discussed. Magnetite nanoparticles coated by a carboxylated derivative of polyethyleneimine, PEI, capable of binding heavy metal cations with high affinity have been designed and obtained. Their ability to capture metals in aqueous solution has been optimized, as well as the conditions for the recovery of the captured metal and the reuse of nanoparticles in successive cycles. In addition, the ability of these nanoparticles to fractionally capture metals present in mixtures according to the order of the formation constants of the metal-nanoparticle complex has been demonstrated. Finally, a method has been developed that allows the growth of the amount of charged polymer molecules present in the coating of the nanoparticles have been developed. Some polyanions can establish electrostatic interactions between the polyelectrolyte molecules that are part of the initial coating and others that were in solution. The end result is the incorporation of these into the expanded coating. The loading capacity of these expanded coated nanoparticles (which depends exclusively on the amount of excess polyelectrolyte used in its preparation) increases linearly with the amount of charged polymer incorporated into the primitive coating. This opens the door to a truly rational design of nanoparticles whose objective is the capture, transport or storage of certain ligands.
Palabras clave/Materias:
Quimica física
termodinámica
nanopartículas
polielectrolitos
Área de conocimiento :
CDU: Ciencias puras y naturales: Química
Tipo de documento :
info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis
Derechos de acceso:
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Aparece en las colecciones:
Tesis doctorales - Ciencias e Ingenierías



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