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Diet, lifestyle, metabolic markers, and socioeconomic status are associated with cognitive function in school-aged children from a population-based cohort.

Wed, 29 Jul 2026 12:21:46 GMT

Título : Diet, lifestyle, metabolic markers, and socioeconomic status are associated with cognitive function in school-aged children from a population-based cohort. Autor : Gómez-Vilarrubla, Ariadna; Sanchez Fernández , Mario José; Puerto-Carranza, Elsa; Martínez-Calcerrada, Jose Maria; Mas-Parés, Berta; Rivero, María José; Nso-Roca, Ana Pilar; Alvarez-Monell, Adam; Contreras Rodríguez, Oren; Garre-Olmo, Josep ; Lopez-Bermejo, Abel; Bassols, Judit Resumen : BackgroundCognitive development is associated with diet, activity, sleep, metabolic health, and socioeconomic status. However, evidence remains limited, as most studies have focused on clinical groups or single factors. We examined the combined associations of these variables with cognitive function in school-aged children from the general population.MethodsWe evaluated 170 school-aged children from a population-based cohort (mean age 6.33 ± 0.03 years; 49% female). Children were evaluated after an overnight fast (>8 h), and anthropometric, metabolic, and socioeconomic variables were evaluated. Diet and physical activity were assessed using validated questionnaires (Vioque FFQ and enKid). Cognitive function was assessed using NEPSY-II and TONI-2 subsets. Correlation and regression analyses were performed.ResultsCognitive function was positively associated with Mediterranean diet adherence, sleep duration, socioeconomic status, and negatively associated with ultra-processed food intake, TV viewing, and metabolic markers including insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), C-reactive protein, and gamma-glutamyltransferase (all p < 0.05). Multivariate analyses showed that Mediterranean diet adherence (OR 2.18, 95%CI 1.08–4.40), economic status (OR 2.50, 95%CI 1.13–5.49), sleep duration (OR 2.90, 95%CI 1.42–5.92), and HOMA-IR (OR 0.47, 95%CI 0.23–0.96) as independently associated with cognitive outcomes, particularly in attention, language, and memory.ConclusionsLifestyle factors and socioeconomic conditions are independently associated with cognitive function in children.ImpactKey message: Diet, sleep, metabolic health, and socioeconomic status are associated with cognitive function in school-aged children.Novelty: Simultaneously examines multiple factors associated with cognition in school-aged children from a population-based cohort.Impact on cognition: Mediterranean diet adherence, sleep duration, and metabolic health were positively associated with several cognitive domains, including attention, language, and memory.Practical use: Highlights the potential relevance of healthy lifestyles and social equity in relation to cognitive development.Broader significance: Highlights the multifactorial nature of cognitive development in children.

Phase angle and triglyceride-glucose index as biomarkers of glycemic control, body composition and cardiovascular risk in adolescents with type 1 diabetes: a cross-sectional study.

Wed, 29 Jul 2026 12:21:08 GMT

Título : Phase angle and triglyceride-glucose index as biomarkers of glycemic control, body composition and cardiovascular risk in adolescents with type 1 diabetes: a cross-sectional study. Autor : García Poblet, Marta; Martínez Sanz, José Miguel; Alberola-Chazarra, Manuel Antonio ; Soler Climent, Esther; Nso-Roca, Ana Pilar; Sospedra, Isabel Resumen : Purpose Traditional markers such as HbA1c and BMI are commonly used to assess metabolic risk in adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), but novel biomarkers like the triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index and phase angle (PA) may provide a more comprehensive evaluation of metabolic risk. However, their potential role in this population remains unclear. We aimed (1) to evaluate the association of the TyG index and PA with glycemic control, cardiovascular risk and body composition in adolescents with T1DM, and (2) to determine optimal cut-off points for these biomarkers to predict metabolic risk. Methods Seventy-three adolescents (46.6% female, 10–19 years) with T1DM from two hospitals were included in this cross-sectional study. Sociodemographic, bioelectrical impedance (BIA) and clinical data were collected during routine visits. The TyG index was calculated from fasting triglyceride and glucose levels, and PA was measured via BIA. Correlations were analyzed using Pearson or Spearman coefficients, and ROC curve analyses were used to determine optimal cut-off points. Results PA correlated positively with skeletal muscle and fat-free mass and inversely with cardiovascular risk indicators. TyG was strongly associated with adiposity, glycemic variability and cardiovascular risk markers. A preliminary TyG threshold of 8.09 was identified, while no PA cut-off could be established. Conclusions PA and the TyG index are promising, non-invasive biomarkers that complement traditional measures in assessing metabolic risk in adolescents with T1DM. Integrating these biomarkers into routine evaluation may enhance early risk detection and support holistic management in this population. Trial registration number NCT07021326.

The Prognostic Value of Transcutaneous Oxygen Pressure (TcPO2) in Diabetic Foot Ulcer Healing: A Protocol for a Systematic Review

Wed, 29 Jul 2026 12:14:04 GMT

Título : The Prognostic Value of Transcutaneous Oxygen Pressure (TcPO2) in Diabetic Foot Ulcer Healing: A Protocol for a Systematic Review Autor : Bordonado-Murcia, Andrea; Marco-Lledó, Javier; Nieto-Gil, Pilar; Zuluaga-Ríos, Luz Marina; López Ros, Paloma; Hernández-Martínez, Irene; Montoro Cremades, David; Garcia-Campos, Jonatan Resumen : Background/Objectives: Due to poor perfusion, diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) create hypoxic environments, and their chronicity represents a negative factor in wound healing. Transcutaneous oxygen pressure (TcPO2) is a non-invasive method that provides information on oxygen supply to microvascular circulation, useful for determining the severity and progression of peripheral arterial disease (PAD) as well as potentially predicting DFU healing. However, the current literature does not provide strong support for the use of TcPO2 as an independent predictive tool. Methods: This protocol aims to systematically review the available evidence according to PRISMA (2020) guidelines, registered with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (registration number: CRD42024505907). The following databases will be used: Cochrane Library, EMBASE, Ovid Medline, PubMed, and Web of Science. Additionally, a manual search will be conducted through the references of the included articles. Results: The systematic review will summarize the current evidence on the prognostic value of TcPO2 in DFU healing, identifying gaps in knowledge and potential areas for future research. Conclusions: The findings of this study may clarify the prognostic value of TcPO2 in DFU healing, which could ultimately facilitate clinical management, decision-making, patient care, and potentially reduce treatment costs.

Experiences, Needs, and Beliefs Regarding Footwear Among People with Diabetes Mellitus in Spain: A Qualitative Focus Group Study Protocol

Wed, 29 Jul 2026 12:12:16 GMT

Título : Experiences, Needs, and Beliefs Regarding Footwear Among People with Diabetes Mellitus in Spain: A Qualitative Focus Group Study Protocol Autor : López Ros, Paloma; Gonzalez-Ibanez, Aitor; Montoro Cremades, David; Tabernero Grau, Laura; Marco-Lledo, Javier; Martínez Córcoles, Vicenta; Garcia-Campos, Jonatan Resumen : Background/Objectives: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a group of chronic metabolic disorders characterised by persistent hyperglycaemia and an increasing global prevalence, imposing a significant socioeconomic and healthcare burden. Among its associated complications, the diabetic foot is a critical condition that doubles the risk of mortality. Although therapeutic footwear is an essential preventive strategy, research on treatment adherence has predominantly focused on quantitative parameters. This protocol aims to explore the experiences, needs, and perceived barriers of people with DM regarding therapeutic footwear use from a qualitative perspective. Methods: A qualitative focus group study will be conducted in the province of Alicante, Spain. Participants will be adults with a confirmed diagnosis of DM recruited across IWGDF foot risk categories 1–3 through purposive sampling. A total of 8–10 focus groups of 10–12 participants will be conducted in separate in-person and online modalities. Data will be analysed using reflexive thematic analysis within a constructivist epistemological framework, following the six-phase approach proposed by Braun and Clarke. The study adheres to the Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research (COREQ). Ethical approval will be obtained from the relevant Ethics Committee prior to data collection. Results/Expected Outcomes: The findings are anticipated to generate patient-centred, evidence-based insights into the psychosocial and experiential dimensions of therapeutic footwear adherence, informing the development of novel educational strategies and improvements in footwear design to optimise treatment adherence and clinical outcomes. Conclusions: This protocol provides a rigorous and transparent methodological framework for qualitative investigation of therapeutic footwear adherence in people with DM, contributing to a more comprehensive and person-centred approach to diabetic foot prevention.

Cuaderno de Materiales Prácticos. Derecho Penal, Parte General,

Wed, 29 Jul 2026 11:56:21 GMT

Título : Cuaderno de Materiales Prácticos. Derecho Penal, Parte General, Autor : Gomez Bellvis, Ana Belen

Aproximación a la política criminal y las instituciones del control del delito en España

Wed, 29 Jul 2026 11:55:39 GMT

Título : Aproximación a la política criminal y las instituciones del control del delito en España Autor : Miró Llinares, Fernando; Gómez Bellvis, Ana Belén

Política criminal basada en evidencias: alcance, bases científicas y retos

Wed, 29 Jul 2026 11:54:47 GMT

Título : Política criminal basada en evidencias: alcance, bases científicas y retos Autor : Castro Toledo, Francisco Javier; Gómez Bellvís, Ana Belen Resumen : El análisis crítico de la realidad delictiva, la toma de decisiones políticas y jurídicas basadas en ese análisis y, por último, la evaluación de los resultados y consecuencias que producen aquellas decisiones, constituyen el núcleo de la Política criminal. Su doble naturaleza, la de disciplina científica y la de política pública relacionada con la criminalidad, exige indagar acerca de cuáles son los contenidos esenciales de la misma y cómo deben organizarse de cara a su análisis y estudio por parte de los estudiantes universitarios vinculados, de forma preferente, a la Criminología y al Derecho. Siendo esta una tarea compleja, el Manual de Política Criminal busca facilitar la aproximación a la materia, con dos objetivos claros: identificar y analizar las herramientas generales que son necesarias para hacer un diagnóstico crítico de cualquier fenómeno delictivo; y, en segundo lugar, seleccionar y estudiar los espacios de debate actuales más relevantes asociados a las políticas públicas sobre la criminalidad

Revisión sistemática sobre la presencia de microplásticos en tejidos musculoesqueléticos humanos

Mon, 27 Jul 2026 16:41:13 GMT

Título : Revisión sistemática sobre la presencia de microplásticos en tejidos musculoesqueléticos humanos Autor : Zorrilla-Muñoz, Vanessa; Jiménez-García, Segundo; Andrés-Collado, Mariano; Madrigal-Verdú, Pilar; Ochando-Sánchez, Isabel; Montoro-Cremades, David; Marco-Lledó, Javier; Hernández-Borges, Javier; Martínez-Navarrete, Gema; Morales-Delgado, Nicanor; García-Campos, Jonatan Resumen : Objetivo La presente revisión sistemática tiene como propósito examinar la evidencia disponible sobre la detección de MPs en tejidos humanos del aparato locomotor, incluyendo articulaciones, cartílago, huesos o tendones, con el fin de esclarecer su distribución y valorar su posible implicación en procesos inflamatorios y degenerativos asociados a patologías musculoesqueléticas. Metodología El método de revisión se desarrolló de acuerdo con los estándares, incluyendo: protocolo de revisión, criterios de inclusión y exclusión, diseño de la estrategia de búsqueda y proceso de selección y recopilación de datos.

Postural analysis of children with muscle retraction after six-month exercise or heel cup interventions in a randomized trial

Mon, 27 Jul 2026 16:21:42 GMT

Título : Postural analysis of children with muscle retraction after six-month exercise or heel cup interventions in a randomized trial Autor : Martínez-Córcoles, Vicenta; García-Campos, Jonatan; Vicente-Mampel, Juan; Chicharro-Luna, Esther; Martínez-Jiménez, Eva María; Ferrer-Torregrosa, Javier Resumen : Balance and proprioception are crucial in children, especially in sports. The ankle joint plays a key role in postural control, and triceps surae retraction is common in active children. This study aimed to analyze the effects of stretching exercises versus heel cups on postural control in children aged 8 to 12 with triceps surae retraction. A six-month randomized controlled trial was conducted with 150 children assigned to either stretching exercises (n = 76) or heel cups (n = 74). The study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov under the identification number NCT05902949 (first posted on 06/15/23). The area of oscillation was measured using the Gyko system under four conditions: eyes open/closed and firm ground/foam. A linear mixed regression model was applied to analyze the effects of the treatments, adjusting for sex, age, and physical activity. Stretching exercises were associated with significant reductions around oscillation across all conditions (p < 0.001 at six months). In contrast, heel cups were linked to significant increases around oscillation in all conditions (p < 0.001 at six months), indicating a negative effect on balance. Additionally, higher levels of physical activity and female sex were associated with better postural control (p < 0.001). In conclusion, stretching exercises significantly improved postural control in children with triceps surae retraction, whereas heel cups worsened this essential motor-performance ability. Further research is needed, but these findings support the incorporation of stretching exercises and regular physical activity in the management of these patients.

Cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the Diabetic Foot Questionnaire (DiaFootQ) into Spanish Language

Mon, 27 Jul 2026 15:57:26 GMT

Título : Cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the Diabetic Foot Questionnaire (DiaFootQ) into Spanish Language Autor : Ruiz-Muñoz, María; Martínez-Barrios, Francisco Javier; Fernández-Torres, Raúl; Vallejo-Herrera, María José; García-Campos, Jonatan; González-Sánchez, Manuel Resumen : Objective: To perform a cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the Diabetic Foot Questionnaire (DiaFootQ) into Spanish (DiaFootQ-Sp). Design: Cross-cultural adaptation, validity and reliability study. Site: Diabetic Foot Unit (Regional University Hospital of Malaga, Spain), Podiatry Teaching Unit (University of Malaga, Spain) and private clinics across Spain. Participants: Adults over 18 years old with type 2 diabetes mellitus who were referred for diabetic foot examination or already enrolled with DFD. Methods: An observational study was conducted in two phases: (1) translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the DiaFootQ into Spanish and (2) psychometric validation of the DiaFootQ-Sp. Recommendations by ISPOR Task Force for Translation and Cultural Adaptation were followed. Reliability and validity were assessed using internal consistency (Cronbach’s ˛), test---retest reliability (ICC), and construct validity through factor analysis. Criterion validity was evaluated by correlating DiaFootQ-Sp with the Foot Function Index (FFI), SF-12v2, and EuroQoL. Results: A total of n = 466 participants completed the study. The DiaFootQ-Sp showed strong internal consistency (Cronbach’s ˛ = 0.903) and high test---retest reliability (ICC = 0.854---0.997). Sensitivity analysis reported SEM = 2.195 and MDC90 = 5.121. Construct validity was confirmed (KMO = 0.677, Bartlett’s test p < 0.001). Criterion validity showed significant correlations with the EuroQol-5D (r = 0.889) and SF-12 (r = 0.353). The mean completion time was 8.61 min.Conclusions: DiaFootQ was successfully adapted and validated for Spanish-speaking population, providing a useful and reliable tool to assess patients with DFD. The quality of care and prevention might be enhanced by implementing this instrument in clinical practice.; Objetivos: Realizar la adaptación transcultural y validación al espa˜nol del Diabetic Foot Questionnaire (DiaFootQ), dando lugar al DiaFootQ-Sp. Dise˜no: Estudio de adaptación transcultural, validez y fiabilidad. Emplazamiento: Unidad de Pie Diabético (Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Espa˜na), Unidad Docente de Podología (Universidad de Málaga, Espa˜na) y clínicas privadas en distintas regiones de Espa˜na. Participantes: Personas adultas mayores de 18 a˜nos con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 remitidas para exploración del pie diabético o ya incluidas por enfermedad del pie diabético (DFD). Métodos: Se llevó a cabo un estudio observacional en dos fases: (1) traducción y adaptación transcultural del DiaFootQ al espa˜nol y (2) validación psicométrica del DiaFootQ-Sp. Se siguieron las recomendaciones del ISPOR Task Force for Translation and Cultural Adaptation. La fiabilidad y validez se evaluaron mediante consistencia interna ( de Cronbach), fiabilidad testretest (ICC) y validez de constructo mediante análisis factorial. La validez de criterio se analizó correlacionando el DiaFootQ-Sp con el Foot Function Index (FFI), el SF-12v2 y el EuroQoL. Resultados: Un total de 466 participantes completaron el estudio. El DiaFootQ-Sp mostró una elevada consistencia interna ( de Cronbach = 0.903) y una alta fiabilidad test-retest (ICC = 0.854---0.997). El análisis de sensibilidad indicó un SEM = 2.195 y un MDC90 = 5.121. La validez de constructo quedó confirmada (KMO = 0.677; prueba de Bartlett p < 0.001). La validez de criterio mostró correlaciones significativas con el EuroQol-5D (r = 0.889) y el SF-12 (r = 0.353). El tiempo medio de cumplimentación fue de 8.61 minutos. Conclusiones: El DiaFootQ fue adaptado y validado con éxito para la población hispanohablante, proporcionando una herramienta útil y fiable para la evaluación de pacientes con DFD. La implementación de este instrumento en la práctica clínica podría mejorar la calidad asistencial y las estrategias de prevención.