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Estudio de la incidencia de ampollas en el trekking y sus factores asociados

Mon, 04 May 2026 15:48:47 GMT

Título : Estudio de la incidencia de ampollas en el trekking y sus factores asociados Autor : Chicharro-Luna, Esther; Orozco Beltrán, Domingo; Sánchez Pérez, Salvador P.; López Ros, Paloma; Padrós Flores, Nuria Resumen : Objetivo: Determinar los factores asociados con la presencia de ampollas durante el senderismo. Método: La población de estudio fueron 1155 peregrinos que recibieron asistencia podológica. La información fue obtenida mediante una anamnesis y una exploración podológica. Los factores analizados fueron: edad, sexo, entrenamiento previo, nacionalidad, tipo de calzado, antigüedad del mismo y kilómetros realizados. Resultados: Las ampollas se encontraron en el 71,9 % de los peregrinos y se distribuyeron de manera similar en ambos pies, afectando principalmente el talón (20%) y el quinto dedo (14,6 %). Se encontró asociación con el sexo (p < 0,05). Las deportivas fueron las menos asociadas con ampollas (p = 0,03). No hubo relación significativa con el entrenamiento previo y el uso de calzado nuevo. Conclusiones: La incidencia de ampollas entre los senderistas fue del 80 %, y se asoció con el sexo (mayor en la mujer) y el tipo de calzado.; Objective: The study objective was to determine the factors associated with presence of blisters during hiking. Methods: The study population included 1155 pilgrims who received podiatry care. The information sources used to obtain the study variables were history by a previously devised questionnaire and foot examination. The analyzed factors were age, gender, prior training, nationality, footwear type, worn versus new shoes and kilometers hiked. Results: Blisters were found in 71.9% of pilgrims. Blisters were distributed similarly on both feet, mostly on the heel (20%) and the 5th toe (14.6%). Gender was an associated variable (p<0.05).The sport shoes were the least associated with presence of blisters (p=0.03). We found no significant relationship with prior training and use of worn shoes. Conclusions: The incidence of blisters among hikers is almost 80%, and is associated with gender (more in woman) and footwear type.

Valoración del daño corporal en pie y tobillo. Aportaciones desde el ámbito del podólogo

Mon, 04 May 2026 15:47:34 GMT

Título : Valoración del daño corporal en pie y tobillo. Aportaciones desde el ámbito del podólogo Autor : Padrós Flores, Nuria; Alonso Montero, C.; Cardona Llorens, A. Resumen : En la Valoración del Daño Corporal se utilizan baremos ya que la cuantificación es primordial dentro de la labor pericial médica. Estos baremos en la mayoría de los casos no son de obligado cumplimiento y el hecho de que existan distintos baremos produce una falta de uniformidad. Revisados los baremos actuales en relación a la valoración del daño en tobillo y pie obtenemos las siguientes conclusiones: Cuando los baremos valoran los grados de limitación articular es preciso que se especifique cómo se realiza la medición. Sería necesario homogeneizar los criterios para reducir la variabilidad interobservador y favorecen la reproductibilidad de las mediciones. Se otorga mucha importancia a las mediciones clínicas que son muy variables y poca a las valoraciones funcionales. Es preciso valorar la necesidad de utilizar elementos ortoprotésicos para mejorar la función.; In the Evaluation of damage corporal scales are used since the quantification is essential inside the medical expert work. These scales in most cases are not of forced fulfillment and the fact that different scales exist it produces an absence of uniformity. Checked the current scales as regards the evaluation of the damage in ankle and foot we obtain the following conclusions: When the scales value the limitation grades articulating is necessary that is specified how the measurement is realized. It would be necessary to homogenize the criteria to reduce the changeability interobserver and they favor the reproduce of the measurements. A lot of importance is granted to the clinical measurements that they are very variable and small to the functional evaluations. It is necessary to value the need to use elements ortoprotesics to improve the function

La regla de los tres puntos en dermatología como cribado de lesiones melanocíticas: adaptación de la clínica a la docencia

Mon, 04 May 2026 15:46:18 GMT

Título : La regla de los tres puntos en dermatología como cribado de lesiones melanocíticas: adaptación de la clínica a la docencia Autor : García Lledó, Javier; Garcia-Campos, Jonatan; Bañuls Roca, José; López Ros, Paloma; MORALES-DELGADO, NICANOR; Zúnica García, Sara; Martínez Córcoles, Vicenta; Tabernero Grau, Laura

Desarrollando un atlas de oportunidades educativas: transformación del análisis de políticas educativas en España

Wed, 15 Apr 2026 11:25:20 GMT

Título : Desarrollando un atlas de oportunidades educativas: transformación del análisis de políticas educativas en España Autor : Santaolalla Rueda, Pablo Resumen : La implementación del Atlas de Oportunidades Educativas en España representa un avance significativo en el uso de herramientas basadas en big data e inteligencia artificial para evaluar la eficacia de las políticas educativas y promover la equidad social. Inspirado en el modelo del Opportunity Atlas desarrollado en Estados Unidos por Harvard University, este proyecto propone un enfoque sistemático para analizar cómo factores como la calidad docente, las condiciones socioeconómicas y las intervenciones educativas afectan la movilidad social. El marco teórico explora investigaciones previas que han demostrado la relación entre movilidad social y educación, destacando la necesidad de un modelo integral que permita identificar desigualdades regionales y evaluar el impacto de políticas específicas. La metodología incluye la recolección y anonimización de datos de fuentes como el INE, Seguridad Social y Consejerías Educativas, así como el uso de modelos predictivos y simulaciones para predecir el impacto de nuevas estrategias educativas. Este modelo también facilita la generación de mapas interactivos que visualizan oportunidades educativas por región y permite a los responsables de políticas públicas optimizar recursos y diseñar intervenciones basadas en evidencia para transformar el panorama educativo en España, con un impacto esperado que incluye la reducción de brechas educativas y el aumento de la movilidad social.

Competencias transversales en la universidad: validación de un cuestionario para su evaluación

Fri, 21 Nov 2025 11:33:23 GMT

Título : Competencias transversales en la universidad: validación de un cuestionario para su evaluación Autor : Solanes Puchol, Ángel; Martín del Río, Beatriz; García Selva, Adrián Resumen : Las competencias transversales constituyen un elemento clave para la formación académico-profesional e inserción sociolaboral del alumnado universitario. Numerosos estudios dan cuenta de una brecha entre el nivel de competencias genéricas y el nivel demandado por el mercado laboral. La evaluación de estas competencias se torna fundamental en la formación universitaria, por lo que es necesario contar con herramientas de evaluación válidas. Objetivo: Desarrollar un instrumento de medición que evalúe eficazmente dichas competencias. Método: Se ha diseñado un cuestionario a partir del modelo utilizado por Solanes et al. (2008), utilizando el método Delphi para evaluar la validez de contenido. La prueba fue administrada a 946 estudiantes, dividiendo esta muestra en cuatro subgrupos iguales para efectuar dos análisis paralelos y dos análisis factoriales confirmatorios. Resultados: La escala definitiva está compuesta por 38 ítems que explican el 53.1% de la varianza, con un omega de McDonald de .94. El análisis paralelo revela una estructura factorial de cinco factores. Asimismo, los análisis factoriales confirmatorios proporcionan evidencias de validez sobre la estructura interna del cuestionario (CMIN/DF = 1.903; RMSEA = .062; CFI = .91; PNFI = .657; NFI = .90; RMR = .042; PGFI = .88). Discusión: Se proporciona un instrumento que reúne las especificaciones para ser considerado una herramienta válida y fiable, que evalúa las competencias transversales más demandadas por el mercado laboral.; Introduction: Transversal competences constitute a key element for the academic-professional training and sociolabour insertion of university students. Numerous studies reveal a gap between the level of generic skills and the level demanded by the labor market. The evaluation of these competencies becomes essential in university education, so it is necessary to have valid evaluation tools. Objective: To develop a measurement instrument that effectively evaluates said competencies. Method: a questionnaire has been designed based on the model used by Solanes et al. (2008), using the Delphi method to assess content validity. The test has been administered to 946 students, dividing this sample into four equal subgroups to carry out two parallel analyzes and two confirmatory factor analyzes. Results: The final scale is composed of 38 items that explain 53.1% of the variance, with a McDonald’s omega of .94. The parallel analysis reveals a factorial structure of five factors. Likewise, the confirmatory factor analyzes provide evidence of validity on the internal structure of the questionnaire (CMIN/DF = 1.903; RMSEA = .062; CFI = .91; PNFI = .657; NFI = .90; RMR = .042; PGFI = .88). Discussion: An instrument is provided that meets the specifications to be considered a valid and reliable tool, which evaluates the transversal skills most demanded by the labor market.

Revisiting Psychological Contract Measurement: Validation of the PSYCONES Questionnaire

Fri, 21 Nov 2025 11:10:20 GMT

Título : Revisiting Psychological Contract Measurement: Validation of the PSYCONES Questionnaire Autor : García Selva, Adrián; Martín del Río, Beatriz; Ramos López, José Resumen : The psychological contract is a fundamental construct for understanding the relationships established between employee and employer. However, the current literature states that there is no validated instrument to measure this construct. The present research aims to validate the psychological contract questionnaire developed by the PSYCONES team, providing empirical evidence on its reliability and validity in the current labor context. A sample of 1764 workers in the Spanish labor market was used, and a cross-validation process was applied, in which exploratory factor analysis was performed and various models (CFA, ESEM, CFA bifactor and ESEM bifactor) were tested to evaluate the structure of the questionnaire. In addition, multigroup invariance analyses were performed to examine the stability of the model according to gender and job level. The results indicated that the four-factor ESEM model showed the best fit and representation of the following dimensions of the psychological contract: fulfillment of company promises, fulfillment of employee promises, psychological contract violation, and perception of justice and trust. Likewise, the scale showed significant relationships with job satisfaction and organizational commitment, reinforcing its concurrent validity. This study provides a psychometrically robust instrument to assess the psychological contract in the workplace, offering a basis for future research and practical applications in different organizational contexts.

A Systematic Review of Evidence-Based Interventions to Reduce Binge Drinking

Fri, 21 Nov 2025 11:09:33 GMT

Título : A Systematic Review of Evidence-Based Interventions to Reduce Binge Drinking Autor : Giménez Costa, José Antonio; Martín del Río, Beatriz; Gómez Íñiguez, Consolación; García Selva, Adrián; Motos Sellés, Patricia; Cortés Tomás, María Teresa Resumen : Binge drinking (BD) is defined as a pattern of alcohol consumption that results in a blood alcohol concentration of 0.08 g/dL or higher, typically achieved after consuming approximately 70 g of pure alcohol (about five drinks for men) or 56 g (about four drinks for women) within roughly two hours. It is highly prevalent among adolescents and young adults and has significant physical, psychological, and social consequences. Despite numerous interventions to reduce BD, there is limited systematic evidence on their effectiveness. This study presents a systematic review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating interventions to reduce BD, focusing on their impact on frequency, intensity, and associated physical, psychological, or social outcomes. The review followed PRISMA 2020, and the protocol was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42024623481). A comprehensive search was conducted in multidisciplinary and specialized databases. Included studies were RCTs targeting BD in clinical or community populations of any age. Non-empirical and observational studies, or studies not specifically focused on BD were excluded. The risk of bias was assessed using RoB 2, and a total of 21 studies (N = 14,754 participants) were included, showing high variability in design, format, and theoretical basis. Brief, individual digital interventions predominated, although face-to-face group and multimodal interventions proved more effective. Eleven studies reported significant reductions in BD frequency or prevalence; fewer addressed intensity. Interventions based on motivational and cognitive behavioral approaches, especially in structured programmes with prolonged follow-up, were the most effective. Improvements were observed in psychosocial variables (e.g., negative consequences, self-efficacy, expectations, social norms, and intention to consume), but not in physical health or consumption of other substances. Most studies had a moderate risk of bias, and few demonstrated long-term effects. More robust, comparative, and longitudinal studies are needed.

Psychosocial work environment beyond WEIRD: meta-analytic and psychometric evidence on the Job Content Questionnaire

Fri, 21 Nov 2025 11:08:51 GMT

Título : Psychosocial work environment beyond WEIRD: meta-analytic and psychometric evidence on the Job Content Questionnaire Autor : García Selva, Adrián; Martín del Río, Beatriz; Leiva Bianchi, Marcelo Resumen : Background: The psychosocial work environment significantly impacts employee well-being and performance. Among the most recognized models for assessing psychosocial risk factors is the Job Demand-Control-Support (JDCS) model, which posits that psychological demands, job control, and social support are core determinants of work-related stress. Although extensively studied, research on its measurement tools—particularly the Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ)—has been disproportionately conducted in WEIRD countries, raising questions about cross-cultural validity. Objective: This study aimed to (I) evaluate the reliability of JCQ dimensions across cultures through a meta-analytic approach and (II) validate a 15-item short version of the JCQ in a large and culturally distinctive Spanish sample. Methods: A meta-analysis of 21 studies (N = 21,732) from WEIRD and non-WEIRD countries assessed the internal consistency of psychological demands and job control dimensions. Additionally, an empirical validation was conducted with 860 Spanish workers using exploratory structural equation modeling (ESEM) to test factorial structure, reliability, and measurement invariance across gender, job level, and educational background. Results: Meta-analytic results showed moderate to high internal consistency for job control (α = 0.737) and psychological demands (α = 0.603), with higher reliability in WEIRD populations for job control. The Spanish validation supported a four-factor ESEM model with excellent fit and invariance across demographic groups. All dimensions showed strong composite reliability and convergent validity. Conclusion: This research confirms the robustness of the JCQ’s core constructs and supports the use of a concise, psychometrically sound version of the instrument across diverse sociocultural contexts. It also advances equitable psychometric practices by bridging WEIRD and non-WEIRD research efforts.

Evaluating the Positive Functioning at Work (PF-W) Questionnaire: Insights into Predictive Factors of Well-Being Among Spanish Workers

Fri, 21 Nov 2025 11:07:40 GMT

Título : Evaluating the Positive Functioning at Work (PF-W) Questionnaire: Insights into Predictive Factors of Well-Being Among Spanish Workers Autor : García Selva, Adrián; Neipp López, María del Carmen; Martín del Río, Beatriz Resumen : This study examines the interplay between individual predictors (self-efficacy) and organizational factors (perceived organizational support) within the framework of the PERMA+4 model to promote workplace well-being. Data were collected from 545 employees (57.8% women) using self-reported questionnaires and analyzed through structural equation modeling. The results indicate that self-efficacy positively influences seven dimensions of the PERMA+4 model, while perceived organizational support significantly affects five dimensions. Positive emotions are identified as a mediator, amplifying the impact of PERMA+4 dimensions on job satisfaction and organizational commitment. Specifically, positive emotions have a positive effect on job satisfaction, underscoring their pivotal role in the workplace well-being. These findings validate the PERMA+4 model as a comprehensive framework for understanding workplace well-being, emphasizing the dynamic interaction between individual and organizational factors. Moreover, they provide actionable insights for interventions aimed at enhancing employee satisfaction and long-term commitment by fostering self-efficacy, organizational support, and positive emotions.

Relationship between diabetic peripheral neuropathy and adherence to the Mediterranean diet in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: an observational study

Mon, 29 Sep 2025 11:11:06 GMT

Título : Relationship between diabetic peripheral neuropathy and adherence to the Mediterranean diet in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: an observational study Autor : Zúnica García, Sara; Blanquer Gregori, José Javier; Sanchez-Ortiga, Ruth; Jiménez-Trujillo, Isabel; Chicharro-Luna, Esther Resumen : Purpose The main study goal is to assess the relationship between adherence to the mediterranean diet (MD) and the presence of diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods Observational pilot study of 174 patients diagnosed with T2DM. Sociodemographic and anthropometric variables, physical activity, smoking habits, blood biochemical parameters and comorbidities were recorded. The presence of alterations in sensitivity to pressure, pain, thermal and vibration was explored. Good MD adherence was a score ≥ 9 the 14-point MD adherence questionnaire (MEDAS-14). Results The study population consisted of 174 patients (61.5% men and 38.5% women), with a mean age of 69.56 ± 8.86 years; 19% of these patients adhered to the MD. The score obtained in the MEDAS-14 was higher in patients who did not present alterations in sensitivity to pressure (p = 0.047) or vibration (p = 0.021). The patients without diabetic peripheral neuropathy were more likely to comply with the MD and had a higher score on the MEDAS-14 (p = 0.047). However, multivariate analysis showed that only altered sensitivity to pressure was associated with adherence to the MD (altered sensitivity OR = 2.9; 95%CI 1.02–8.22; p = 0.045). Conclusions Although the patients with DPN had lower scores on the MEDAS questionnaire and therefore poorer adherence to the mediterranean diet, the only parameter significantly associated with the MD was that of sensitivity to pressure (monofilament test).