https://hdl.handle.net/11000/424 2026-10-06T21:34:59Z 2026-10-06T21:34:59Z Espada, José P. Gonzálvez Maestre, María Teresa Amorós-Reche, Víctor Orgilés, Mireia https://hdl.handle.net/11000/40906 2026-10-02T01:03:24Z 2026-10-01T13:22:28Z

Título : Perfiles latentes de uso problemático de videojuegos en adolescentes y su asociación longitudinal con variables socioemocionales Autor : Espada, José P.; Gonzálvez Maestre, María Teresa; Amorós-Reche, Víctor; Orgilés, Mireia Resumen : El uso problemático de videojuegos en la adolescencia ha sido conceptualizado como un fenómeno heterogéneo con repercusiones en la salud mental. El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo identificar perfiles latentes de adolescentes jugadores a partir de los nueve indicadores del Trastorno de Juego por Internet y analizar su asociación longitudinal con variables socioemocionales un año después. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 1.610 adolescentes españoles (67,1% chicos; M = 13,2 años). Se realizó un Análisis de Perfiles Latentes a partir del Internet Gaming Disorder Scale – Short Form (IGDS9-SF) en la evaluación T1 y se examinaron las asociaciones con ansiedad, regulación emocional e integración/ competencia social en T2, ajustando por niveles basales. El modelo más parsimonioso identificó cuatro perfiles: sintomatología alta (5,7%), sintomatología moderada con interferencia (10,5%), sintomatología moderada sin interferencia (18,9%) y perfil normativo (64,9%). Una mayor probabilidad de pertenencia al perfil de sintomatología alta se asoció longitudinalmente con mayores dificultades de regulación emocional y menor competencia social en comparación con el perfil normativo. No se observaron diferencias significativas en ansiedad tras el ajuste por niveles previos. Estos hallazgos subrayan la heterogeneidad del uso problemático de videojuegos y la relevancia de la interferencia funcional y de la regulación emocional como dimensiones clave en su impacto socioemocional.; Problematic video game use in adolescence has been conceptualized as a heterogeneous phenomenon, with potentially different socioemotional implications over time. The present study aimed to identify latent profiles of adolescent video game players based on the nine criteria of Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD) and to examine their longitudinal associations with socioemotional outcomes one year later. The sample comprised 1,610 Spanish adolescents (67.1% boys; M = 13.2 years). A Latent Profile Analysis (LPA) was conducted using the Internet Gaming Disorder Scale – Short Form (IGDS9-SF) at the Time 1 measure. Longitudinal associations with anxiety symptoms, emotion regulation difficulties, and social integration/competence at Time 2 were examined, adjusting for baseline levels, age, and gender. The most parsimonious model identified four profiles: high symptomatology (5.7%), moderate symptomatology with functional interference (10.5%), moderate symptomatology without interference (18.9%), and a normative profile (64.9%). A higher probability of belonging to the high-symptom profile was longitudinally associated with greater emotion regulation difficulties and lower social competence compared to the normative profile. No significant longitudinal differences were observed between profiles in anxiety after controlling for baseline levels. These findings highlight the heterogeneity of problematic video game use in adolescence and underscore the relevance of functional impairment and emotion regulation as key dimensions for understanding its socioemotional impact over time.

2026-10-01T13:22:28Z Fernández-Martínez, Iván Espada, José P. Gonzálvez Maestre, María Teresa Morales Sabuco, Alexandra Orgilés, Mireia Muris, Peter https://hdl.handle.net/11000/40838 2026-09-29T01:03:38Z 2026-09-28T10:07:01Z

Título : Psychometric Evaluation of the Youth Anxiety Measure for DSM-5 (YAM-5) in a Community Sample of Spanish School-Aged Children Autor : Fernández-Martínez, Iván; Espada, José P.; Gonzálvez Maestre, María Teresa; Morales Sabuco, Alexandra; Orgilés, Mireia; Muris, Peter Resumen : The Youth Anxiety Measure for DSM-5 (YAM-5) was developed to assess symptoms of major anxiety disorders (Part I) and specific fears and phobias (Part II) in children and adolescents in accordance with current diagnostic criteria. Despite growing interest in the YAM-5, research has primarily focused on Part I, leaving Part II comparatively understudied, while evidence on the psychometric properties of both components in children from age eight onward remains limited. The present study examined the factorial structure and psychometric properties of both parts of the YAM-5 in a community sample of Spanish-speaking children aged 8 to 12 years. Participants were 515 children (M = 9.82, SD = 1.20) enrolled in primary education in Spain. Confirmatory factor analyses supported the original five-factor structure of both parts of the instrument. The YAM-5 total scale and the total scores of Parts I and II demonstrated good-to-excellent internal consistency, while most subscales showed acceptable-to-good reliability, with stronger internal consistency observed for Part I. Evidence of convergent, divergent, and discriminant validity was also found. These results provide further support for the YAM-5 as a suitable tool for assessing anxiety-related symptoms and facilitating their early identification among school-aged children in community settings.

2026-09-28T10:07:01Z Cabrera-Perona, Víctor Moriano, Juan A. Lloret-Irles, Daniel González-Galnares, Inés Ordoñez, Ana https://hdl.handle.net/11000/40482 2026-09-08T01:05:03Z 2026-09-07T18:16:03Z

Título : Assessing the Impact of a Family-Based Intervention Program on Family Dynamics: A Pilot Study in the Context of Indicated Substance Abuse Prevention Autor : Cabrera-Perona, Víctor; Moriano, Juan A.; Lloret-Irles, Daniel; González-Galnares, Inés; Ordoñez, Ana Resumen : Literature has consistently linked family elements as risk and/or protective factors in adolescence. Consequently, numerous family-focused prevention programs have been developed. In the context of selective and indicated prevention, the most structured actions take place within the municipal services. However, studies demonstrating the effectiveness of these interventions are scarce. Our aim was to explore the effectiveness of the Brief Intervention Program for addiction prevention in the family context (IBAF) to improve family protective dynamics. We used a quasi-experimental pretest-posttest design. The final sample consisted of 136 cases and 191 family members (64.9% women and 35.1% men). The dimensions of family functioning were measured with the self-reported Madrid Family Functioning scale. Results indicated a statistically significant increase post-intervention in family climate, family consensus, setting of rules and boundaries, coping patterns, and improvement in stress/anxiety. There were no significant differences based on the sex of the family members. The IBAF program shows promise in addressing the demand for structured interventions in family indicated prevention. Future research could build on these preliminary findings by testing the efficacy of the intervention using rigorous methodologies.

2026-09-07T18:16:03Z Lloret-Irles, Daniel Cabrera-Perona, Víctor https://hdl.handle.net/11000/40481 2026-09-08T01:05:04Z 2026-09-07T18:15:43Z

Título : Efficacy of the School Gambling Prevention Program “What’s at stake?”: A Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial Autor : Lloret-Irles, Daniel; Cabrera-Perona, Víctor Resumen : Adolescent gambling has become a growing public health concern. Despite international evidence supporting preventive interventions, few programs have been rigorously evaluated in Spanish-speaking populations. This study examined the effectiveness of the schoolbased gambling prevention program What’s at stake? (WAS?). A randomized controlled trial was conducted with secondary school students (N = 6,308; 50.6% female; mean age = 15.3 years). Participants were assigned to an experimental group (n = 5,022) or control group (n = 1,286). Assessments were carried out at baseline (T1) and one week postintervention (T2). Primary outcomes included gambling intention and gambling severity. Secondary outcomes included gambling motives, cognitive bias, normative perception, and risk perception. Validated self-report measures were employed. Population-averaged pre-post effects were estimated using generalized estimating equations. The pre-post analyses showed significant population-average differential changes with small standardized magnitudes (RESI) in motivational dimensions, normative perception, risk perception, and gambling intention. Regarding intention, subgroup analyses by gender showed similar patterns. Descriptively, the proportion of at-risk and problem gamblers decreased in the experimental group at post-intervention, whereas minimal change was observed in the control group. The WAS? program produced significant short-term population-level preventive effects on key cognitive, motivational and intentional risk factors for gambling. Our findings contribute to strengthening the evidence base for culturally and linguistically adapted gambling prevention and extend program benefits in Hispanic adolescent populations. Future studies should include follow-up assessments and booster sessions to evaluate the maintenance of these effects.

2026-09-07T18:15:43Z Cabrera-Perona, Víctor Lloret-Irles, Daniel https://hdl.handle.net/11000/40480 2026-09-08T01:05:05Z 2026-09-07T18:15:24Z

Título : Restricción de la publicidad del juego de apuestas y su impacto en la población adolescente: El caso de España Autor : Cabrera-Perona, Víctor; Lloret-Irles, Daniel Resumen : Desde la entrada en vigor de la Ley 13/2011, de 27 de mayo, de regulación del juego, el mercado de apuestas y el gasto en publicidad de estas ha crecido significativamente, influyendo especialmente en jóvenes y adolescentes. A pesar de la prohibición de juego para menores, la última encuesta ESTUDES informa que uno de cada cinco adolescentes ha apostado en el último año. La exposición a la publicidad de apuestas normaliza el juego, aumentando la percepción de accesibilidad y creando una actitud positiva hacia este. Se ha observado que la exposición a la publicidad está relacionada con un aumento en la frecuencia de juego y los problemas relacionados con el mismo tanto en jóvenes como en adultos, afectando especialmente a los menores debido a su mayor vulnerabilidad y falta de experiencia. El Real Decreto 958/2020 de Comunicaciones Comerciales de las Actividades de Juego busca restringir la publicidad de apuestas en horarios específicos, prohibir bonos promocionales y el uso de celebridades, entre otras medidas. Para conocer si la restricción del marketing afecta a la conducta de apuestas de los y las adolescentes, se ha desarrollado un estudio pre-post. Los resultados muestran una reducción en la exposición a la publicidad tradicional, en la percepción de accesibilidad y en la actitud hacia la publicidad de apuestas. Sin embargo, la intención de apostar no varía, mientras que la prevalencia de juego problemático muestra una ligera tendencia a la baja, aunque no significativa. Los resultados permiten concluir que, aunque el R. D. 958 ha tenido un impacto positivo al reducir la presión mediática y modificar actitudes hacia la publicidad de apuestas, la industria del juego se adapta a las nuevas formas de marketing, lo que plantea desafíos para la regulación efectiva y la protección de los y las menores. Es necesario un enfoque equilibrado que combine la prevención ambiental con estrategias educativas, desde un abordaje integral del problema del juego en la adolescencia.

2026-09-07T18:15:24Z Cabrera-Perona, Víctor https://hdl.handle.net/11000/40479 2026-09-08T01:05:05Z 2026-09-07T18:14:59Z

Título : Eficacia del programa escolar ¿Qué te juegas? Autor : Cabrera-Perona, Víctor Resumen : A pesar de que la Ley impide apostar a menores, cada vez son más las personas adolescentes que se inician en el juego y la alta prevalencia de juego en población adolescente‐juvenil resulta preocupante. Se han sugerido diversos factores de riesgo para el inicio y mantenimiento en la conducta de apuestas entre adolescentes. Factores individuales, familiares, relacionales y factores macrosociales, entre los que destacan la influencia de las comunicaciones comerciales y la normalización de la conducta de juego. En España, a pesar de la gran demanda de intervenciones preventivas, la puesta en marcha de programas escolares para la prevención del abuso del juego de apuestas es reciente, y todavía no se dispone de evidencia suficiente sobre su eficacia. El programa ¿QTJ? (¿Qué te juegas?) es una intervención preventiva universal de ámbito escolar, presentada en formato breve de cuatro sesiones, e implementada desde 2018. El programa plantea un modelo lógico basado en la Teoría de la Acción Planeada (TAP, Ajzen, 1991), que establece como principal predictor de la conducta de juego la intención, que a su vez es explicada por otros tres factores: las actitudes hacia las apuestas, la norma subjetiva y la autoeficacia o control percibido sobre la apuesta, incorporando dos nuevas variables: influencia de la publicidad y los sesgos cognitivos. Su enfoque y metodología permiten su aplicación en un rango de edades que va desde los 14 a los 17 años. Durante estos años, el programa ha sido evaluado en distintos momentos, mostrando estabilidad y que la intervención es moderadamente eficaz. Este capítulo presenta los resultados de una nueva evaluación pre‐post desarrollada durante 2023‐2024 en distintos puntos de España. Entre los cambios producidos tras la intervención, se observa que los jóvenes que reciben el programa ¿QTJ? reducen la intención de juego, la ilusión de control sobre la probabilidad de ganancia y la motivación económica, al mismo tiempo que aumentan su capacidad para analizar críticamente mensajes publicitarios de juego. El programa sugiere ser más eficaz cuando todavía no se ha comenzado a apostar, entre los menores de 14 y 15 años y entre los chicos.

2026-09-07T18:14:59Z Cabrera-Perona, Víctor Moriano, Juan A. Lloret-Irles, Daniel González-Galnares, Inés Ordoñez, Ana https://hdl.handle.net/11000/40478 2026-09-08T01:05:02Z 2026-09-07T17:13:24Z

Título : Development and Validation of the EFFAM Scale (Family Functioning Scale-Madrid) Autor : Cabrera-Perona, Víctor; Moriano, Juan A.; Lloret-Irles, Daniel; González-Galnares, Inés; Ordoñez, Ana Resumen : Most models that analyse risk and protective factors during adolescence include the family system and family functionality as key elements. For this reason, Family Counselling Services play an important role in addressing adolescent problems. These services require quick and easy-to-apply assessment tools that integrate different dimensions of family functioning. To develop and validate a brief scale for use in Family Counselling Services, exploring and confirming its factorial structure and testing its psychometric properties. Confirmatory Factor Analysis using structural equation modeling. 441 family members in seven units. Results: A 5-factor structure was confirmed, with a good fit. All the Average Variance Extracted values were higher than the Maximum Shared Squared Variance values. The results confirm the structure of the Family Functioning Scale-Madrid. In addition, the scale demonstrates adequate psychometric properties and stable structure during two evaluation periods with different samples. The instrument is considered reliable and consistent for of assessing family intervention carried out in Family Counselling Services.

2026-09-07T17:13:24Z Gervilla-García, Elena Lloret-Irles, Daniel Cabrera-Perona, Víctor Fernández-Martínez, Iván Anupol, Joella https://hdl.handle.net/11000/40477 2026-09-08T01:05:01Z 2026-09-07T17:01:18Z

Título : Online risks at adolescence. Design and validation of a Parental Mediation Scale for Information and Communication Technologies Autor : Gervilla-García, Elena; Lloret-Irles, Daniel; Cabrera-Perona, Víctor; Fernández-Martínez, Iván; Anupol, Joella Resumen : Parental mediation in the use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) is a protective factor against adolescents’ online risk behaviours. This study aimed to design an assessment scale of parental mediation referred by minors and to explore its structure and psychometric properties. A total of 560 secondary education students (47.5% girls) informed, in addition to parental mediation, about their habits of connection and online communication, privacy and risky online behaviour, and cyber-victimization. Data revealed a Parental Mediation Scale for ICTs (EMP-TIC) composed of 28 items distributed in five dimensions: active regulation, restrictive regulation, co-use, software monitoring and personal monitoring, which explain 55.98% of the variance. The dimensions of monitoring and co-use showed significant positive correlations with cyber-victimization. Higher scores in parental mediation are associated with greater privacy. The Parental Mediation Scale (EMP-TIC) structure is coherent to previous theoretical proposals. EMP-TIC shows adequate psychometric properties and provides information about the parental patterns in the use of ICTs. The scale can be used as a total score of parental mediation or for each of the five included domains.; La mediación parental en el uso de las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación (TIC) es un factor de protección frente a las conductas de riesgo de los adolescentes en los entornos en línea. El objetivo de este estudio es diseñar una escala de evaluación de la mediación parental desde la perspectiva adolescente y explorar su estructura y propiedades psicométricas. Una muestra de 560 estudiantes de Educación Secundaria (47.5% chicas) facilitó información relevante, además de la mediaciónparental, con sus hábitos de conexión y comunicación en línea, privacidad y comportamientos de riesgo en línea y sus experiencias de cibervictimización. Los datos facilitaron una Escala de Mediación Parental para las TIC (EMP-TIC) formada por 28 ítems distribuidos en cinco dimensiones: regulación activa, regulación restrictiva, co-uso o uso compartido, monitorización a través de programas y monitorización personal, que explican un 55.98% de la varianza. Las dimensiones ‘monitorización’ y ‘co-uso’ mantenían correlaciones positivas con la cibervictimización. Las puntuaciones elevadas de mediación parental estaban relacionadas con una mayor privacidad. La estructura de la escala EMP-TIC es coherente con previas propuestas teóricas. Esta escala muestra propiedades psicométricas adecuadas y ofrece información sobre los patrones parentales en el uso de las TIC. La escala puede utilizarse como puntuación global de la mediación parental para cada una de las cinco dimensiones incluidas.

2026-09-07T17:01:18Z Lloret-Irles, Daniel Cabrera-Perona, Víctor Tirado-González, Sonia Segura-Heras, José V. https://hdl.handle.net/11000/40369 2026-09-05T01:03:33Z 2026-09-04T18:18:12Z

Título : Cyberbullying: Common Predictors to Cyber-Victimisation and Bystanding Autor : Lloret-Irles, Daniel; Cabrera-Perona, Víctor; Tirado-González, Sonia; Segura-Heras, José V. Resumen : Cyberbullying has increased worryingly in the last decade, becoming a mental health problem in adolescence. Research usually focuses on cyber-bullies or cyber-victims, overlooking that these roles may overlap (e.g., cyber-victim-bystander). Aim: To identify possible common predictors to cyber-victimisation and bystanding. Sample: The study sample consisted in 560 students, 12–15 years old, 47.5% female. Method: Canonical correlation, examining linear relationship between a group of X variables, and a group of Y variables. Main results and conclusions: Two canonical varieties were built (Cor (U1,V1) = 0.442; Cor(U2,V2) = 0.270). Minors with high scores in cybervictimisation (r = 􀀀0.888) and bystanding (r = 􀀀0.902) would have more favourable attitude towards violence, greater number of contacts on social networks/messaging and greater attention to emotions. The second variety discriminates minors with high cyber-victimisation score, but low observation and would relate to low attitudes towards violence and contacts on social networks/messaging, together with high scores in parental monitoring. Results suggest the possible overlapping of roles and how cyber-victimisation and bystanding share predictive factors.

2026-09-04T18:18:12Z Cabrera-Perona, Víctor Lloret-Irles, Daniel Núñez-Núñez, Rosa https://hdl.handle.net/11000/40368 2026-09-05T01:03:32Z 2026-09-04T17:59:09Z

Título : Early Detection of Gambling Among At-Risk Adolescents. Validation of EDGAR-A Scale Autor : Cabrera-Perona, Víctor; Lloret-Irles, Daniel; Núñez-Núñez, Rosa Resumen : Despite the fact that minors have prohibited access to commercial gambling, and legislation trying to constrain gambling, an important proportion declares that they have bet either online, or by illegally entering gambling venues. This situation highlights the need to implement selective prevention programs that requires assessment tools to identify vulnerable groups. This paper aims to design and validate a scale of evaluation for the psycho-social characteristics that predict onset and maintenance of gambling behavior among adolescents. 2,716 students of Secondary Education, 15.12 years (± 1.03) answered a frequency, intensity and problematic gambling questionnaire and a scale to evaluate risk profiles. The resulting scale is compounded by 26 items classified in 4 sub-scales: Accessibility, Risk Perception, Normative Perception and Parental Attitudes. Internal consistency coefficients were: 0.668, 0.728, 0.746 and 0.818 respectively, and 0.811 for the total scale. Results offer a robust support on the structural validity and internal consistency of the Early Detection of Gambling among At-Risk Adolescents (EDGAR-A) Scale, a useful tool for the design and assessment of effective preventive interventions.

2026-09-04T17:59:09Z