Resumen :
Diversos estudios sugieren que el cannabidiol (CBD), compuesto extraído de la planta Cannabis sativa, podría resultar de utilidad en el manejo terapéutico del trastorno por uso de alcohol (TUA) debido a su acción ansiolítica, antidepresiva, antipsicótica y neuroprotectora.
En la presente tesis doct... Ver más
Various studies suggest that cannabidiol (CBD), compound extracted from the plant Cannabis sativa, could be useful in the therapeutic management of alcohol use disorder (AUD) due to its anxiolytic, antidepressant, antipsychotic and neuroprotective properties.
In the present doctorate thesis, the possible utility of CBD in the treatment of AUD is explored. Firstly, the potential of CBD as a drug of abuse is evaluated with different experimental procedures: place preference conditioning, oral self-administration and cannabinoid spontaneous withdrawal. Consecutively, the effects of CBD, alone or in combination with other drug commonly employed for treating AUD, such as naltrexone (NTX), are studied in the voluntary intake and binge drinking patterns as well as in the oral ethanol self-administration. Furthermore, the action of CBD on the physiological effects induced by ethanol (ethanol blood concentrations, hypothermia and seizures) was also evaluated. With the aim of delving into the action mechanism by which CBD modulates ethanol reinforcing properties, relative gene expression changes in different targets involved in alcohol addiction were analyzed by real time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Moreover, the role of 5-HT1A receptor in the effects mediated by CBD in the oral ethanol self-administration was studied in detail by previously administering WAY100635, a 5-HT1A antagonist. The results show that CBD does not induce place preference, self-administration or withdrawal symptoms. These data corroborate that CBD does not display drug abuse potential (article 1). Likewise, the results obtained in this work show the potential therapeutic utility of CBD in AUD (articles 2-4). This statement is based on the reduction of ethanol preference, consumption, motivation and ethanol-induced relapse observed in rodents treated with CBD and exposed to distinct experimental paradigms (voluntary intake, oral ethanol self-administration and binge drinking). The administration of CBD prevents the physiological effects induced by ethanol without altering its plasma concentration, thus confirming that CBD does not modify ethanol absorption or metabolism. Additionally, here is also demonstrated how the combination of sub-effective doses of CBD and NTX shoe greater efficacy in reducing ethanol consumption and motivation in the oral ethanol self-administration. These behavioural changes are associated with alterations in the gene expression of tyrosine hydroxylase in the ventral tegmental area; μ opioid receptor, cannabinoid receptors 1 and 2 and G protein coupled receptor 55 in nucleus accumbens and serotoninergic receptor 1A in dorsal raphe. Pretreatment with the antagonist WAY100635 prevents the effects of CBD on ethanol intake and motivation in the oral ethanol self-administration, thus showing that this receptor is one of the main targets involved in the effects mediated by CBD on the reinforcing properties of ethanol. Taken together, the results derived from the present thesis highlight the potential interest of CBD as a therapeutic tool for the treatment of AUD, setting the basis for future pre-clinical and clinical trials.
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