DSpace Colección :https://hdl.handle.net/11000/4632024-03-28T09:23:48Z2024-03-28T09:23:48ZA Fuzzy Approach for Relating a Pomegranate Maturity Index with to Solar Net RadiationBrotons, José M.Legua, P.Melgarejo, P.Manera, F.J.Hernández, F.Martínez, J.J.https://hdl.handle.net/11000/318632024-03-28T02:02:08Z2024-03-27T11:49:05ZTítulo : A Fuzzy Approach for Relating a Pomegranate Maturity Index with to Solar Net Radiation
Autor : Brotons, José M.; Legua, P.; Melgarejo, P.; Manera, F.J.; Hernández, F.; Martínez, J.J.
Resumen : Pomegranate fruit maturity status is commonly assessed based on external (skin)
colour, juice colour and acidity of juice. Some researchers have studied the correlation
between the parameters of the skin colour and acidity, total soluble solids, citric acid and
anthocyanins. This study describes the relationship existing between solar radiation and a
colorimetric maturity index in the pomegranate varietal group “Mollar de Elche”. We
propose a fuzzy methodology. The aim of this kind of study is to obtain on estimation a
range of possible values that reflects reality. Using this methodology four phases were
obtained, in which there is no relationship between radiation and the colorimetric
Maturity Index (MIc) in phases 1 and 4, but there is such a relationship in phases 2 and 3.
Fuzzy math demonstrates the positive relationship between radiation and MIc,
confirming that fuzzy regression is appropriate for making estimations that reflect reality
among variables showing a weak relationship. There is a high degree of uncertainty in the
relationship between the colorimetric maturity index and the incident radiation. The
individual values of radiation do not correspond to one sole value of MIc, but to a wide
range of the same, due to several factors, such as fruit orientation, luminosity, etc. Fuzzy
math reveals the positive relationship between net radiation and MIc in phases 2 and 3.
All this shows that the fuzzy regression may be appropriate for making estimations reflect
reality when the variables show a weak relationship.2024-03-27T11:49:05ZThe application of OWA’s in expertise processes: the development of a model for the quantification of hidden quality costsSansalvador, Manuel E.Brotons, José M.https://hdl.handle.net/11000/318622024-03-28T02:02:08Z2024-03-27T11:48:22ZTítulo : The application of OWA’s in expertise processes: the development of a model for the quantification of hidden quality costs
Autor : Sansalvador, Manuel E.; Brotons, José M.
Resumen : This paper will introduce a fuzzy model for the quantification of hidden quality costs based on the aggregation of subjective information. The proposed model will be able to properly aggregate and summarize subjective opinions expressed by experts about the costs to be quantified, thereby achieving an adequate level of objectivity. To do so,a Probabilistic Uncertain Ordered Weighted Average operator is used, establishing as weighting factors both the confidence the organization has in each expert and, thanks to an original and specifically designed tool, the company’s position on Crosby’s well-known Quality Management Maturity Grid. Finally, in order to refine the results, the values obtained will undergo Contra-Expertise through Ordered Weighted Average Expertons. Once the theoretical model has been described, it will be applied to a case study: the quantification of the cost of loss of image in one insurance brokerage firm.2024-03-27T11:48:22ZEconomic evaluation of mechanical harvesting of lemonsBrotons Martínez, José ManuelMartín-Gorriz, B.Torregrosa, A.Porras, I.https://hdl.handle.net/11000/318612024-03-28T02:02:07Z2024-03-27T11:45:12ZTítulo : Economic evaluation of mechanical harvesting of lemons
Autor : Brotons Martínez, José Manuel; Martín-Gorriz, B.; Torregrosa, A.; Porras, I.
Resumen : Several hypotheses regarding hand and mechanical harvesting have been analysed, in order to estimate the economic
possibilities for the mechanical harvesting of lemons taking into account the current availability of technology. We
considered several detachment options under experimental conditions; only yellow detachment has been considered for
mechanical harvesting, because the sensitivity to the impacts is lower and mechanical detachment was high (80%). Price
changes throughout the season were also considered. Total harvest cost is an average of the cost of mechanical harvesting
(80%) and the cost of manually harvesting remaining fruit (20%), plus the cost of handling the mechanical harvested
fraction. This cost ranges between 0.031 € kg 1 and 0.058 € kg 1 for outputs between 20 t ha 1 and 60 t ha 1,
respectively, which is always lower than harvesting by hand (0.065 € kg 1). A Monte Carlo approach was used to study the
sensitivity of the results, and value at risk (VaR) was calculated. The analysis showed that the mechanical harvesting margin
is 0.020 € kg 1 higher than the hand harvesting margin and the output dispersion is higher in March. The VaR analysis
showed that at 10%, there was no risk that the hand margin is higher than the mechanical margin and at 5%, the risk is very
low and only for March harvesting. Mechanical harvesting represents a good economic option compared to hand harvesting,
since it can increase farmer income by between 400 € ha 1and 1200 € ha 1.2024-03-27T11:45:12ZThe Use of Hydromulching as an Alternative to Plastic Films in
an Artichoke (Cynara cardunculus cv. Symphony) Crop:
A Study of the Economic ViabilityLopez Marin, JosefaRomero Muñoz, MiriamGálvez, Amparodel Amor, Francisco MoisésPiñero Zapata, María CarmenBrotons Martínez, José Manuelhttps://hdl.handle.net/11000/318602024-03-28T02:02:07Z2024-03-27T11:40:37ZTítulo : The Use of Hydromulching as an Alternative to Plastic Films in
an Artichoke (Cynara cardunculus cv. Symphony) Crop:
A Study of the Economic Viability
Autor : Lopez Marin, Josefa; Romero Muñoz, Miriam; Gálvez, Amparo; del Amor, Francisco Moisés; Piñero Zapata, María Carmen; Brotons Martínez, José Manuel
Resumen : The use of mulching in agriculture suppresses the weeds around crop plants, enhances the nutrients status of soil, controls the soil structure and temperature, and reduces soil water evaporation. Excessive use of low-density polyethylene mulches is contributing to the accumulation of high amounts of plastic wastes, an environmental problem for agricultural ecosystems. Fragments of plastic from such wastes can be found in soils, in water resources, and in organisms, including humans. The objective of this work was to study the economic viability of the use of different hydromulches in an artichoke crop. Three blends were prepared by mixing paper pulp (recycled from used paper) and cardboard (from paper mills) with different additives: wheat straw (WS), rice hulls (RH), and substrate used for mushroom cultivation (MS). These were compared with low-density polyethylene (Pe), a treatment without mulching on bare soil where hand weeding was performed (HW), and a treatment without mulching on bare soil where herbicide was applied (H). The results indicate that the use of hydromulch in an artichoke crop represents a good alternative for reducing plastic waste in agriculture. The net profits of the hydromulch treatments (MS, WS, RH) were higher than for HW and H, and slightly lower than for Pe. The most profitable treatment was Pe (€0.69 m−3), followed by RH (€0.59 m−3), WS (€0.58 m−3), MS (€0.47 m−3), HW (€0.36 m−3), and H (€0.32 m−3). A sensitivity analysis showed a probability of negative results of 0.04 in Pe, 0.13 in SM, 0.08 in WS, and 0.07 in RH, so the probability that the grower will make a profit is greater than 0.9 with the use of mulch (except mushroom substrate) or polyethylene.2024-03-27T11:40:37ZPhotoselective Shade Netting in a Sweet Pepper Crop Accelerates Ripening Period and Enhances the Overall Fruits Quality and YieldLopez Marin, JosefaGálvez, Amparodel Amor, Francisco MoisésManera, Francisco JavierCarrero, JulioBrotons, Jose Mhttps://hdl.handle.net/11000/318592024-03-28T02:02:06Z2024-03-27T11:38:43ZTítulo : Photoselective Shade Netting in a Sweet Pepper Crop Accelerates Ripening Period and Enhances the Overall Fruits Quality and Yield
Autor : Lopez Marin, Josefa; Gálvez, Amparo; del Amor, Francisco Moisés; Manera, Francisco Javier; Carrero, Julio; Brotons, Jose M
Resumen : Photoselective nets are used to protect horticultural plants from sunburn and prolong
the cropping period in conditions of excess light. In this work, we studied the influence of
four photoselective shading nets (Pearl 30, Red 30, Silver 30, Red 40), a standard blackcolored
net (Black 35), and a control (no cover) on the evolution of color during the ripening
of two types of pepper, namely, Lamuyo and California. For this purpose, the evolution of
the colors of the fruit was followed from the beginning of their formation until the harvest,
and was correlated with the total radiation and the temperature. The plant material used
were peppers of the California type -cultivars Bendigo and Cayetano- and of the Lamuyo
type, cultivars Alcudia and Pompeo. The results showed that the rate of change of the
pepper coloration depended on the net used in the greenhouse. The speed of the change in
color from green to red was more dependent on the cultivar and the total radiation, as
conditioned by the different photoselective nets, than on the type of pepper. The greatest
differences were between the control (without a net) and the black net, the increase in the
red color of the peppers being faster in the former. Radiation values below 75 W m-2 or
greater than 110 W m-2 negatively affected the yield. The temperature below the net was
not affected significantly by the type of net, and thus its effect on the different cultivars was
similar.2024-03-27T11:38:43ZA fuzzy approach to the loss of green colour in lemon (Citrus lemon L. Burm. f.) rind during ripeningBrotons, José M.Manera, JavierConesa, AgustínPorras, Ignaciohttps://hdl.handle.net/11000/318582024-03-28T02:02:05Z2024-03-27T11:18:03ZTítulo : A fuzzy approach to the loss of green colour in lemon (Citrus lemon L. Burm. f.) rind during ripening
Autor : Brotons, José M.; Manera, Javier; Conesa, Agustín; Porras, Ignacio
Resumen : This study describes the relationship between air temperature and the loss of greenness in lemon rind and the appearance of the typical yellow colour in the lemon varieties Eureka Frost on Citrus macrophylla rootstock. Lemon rind loses its green colour naturally in temperate climates when air temperatures fall. Greenness can be measured as the loss of “a” in reflection colorimetry. For each data recording session, while the mean air temperature is a certain fact, measurements of the coordinate a may show substantial variability despite the fact that they are made with an instrument of great accuracy. We propose a fuzzy methodology combining two elements: (a) possibilistic regression by means of trapezoidal fuzzy numbers, the estimate of which will provide a range of values that the variable in question could attain for a given mean temperature, and (b) the use of rules of the type if… then; this provides greater accuracy to the estimate because the degreening process only occurs between given temperatures. Until these temperatures fall below 11.5–16 °C, degreening cannot be considered to have begun and the temperature will not influence the coordinate a. Finally, the aim of this kind of study is not to obtain one isolated estimate but rather a range of possible values that reflect reality.2024-03-27T11:18:03ZA new index for bond management in an uncertain environmentBrotons, Jose MAntonio, TerceñoBarberà-Mariné, M. Glòriahttps://hdl.handle.net/11000/318572024-03-28T02:02:04Z2024-03-27T10:57:06ZTítulo : A new index for bond management in an uncertain environment
Autor : Brotons, Jose M; Antonio, Terceño; Barberà-Mariné, M. Glòria
Resumen : Within the framework of Assets Liability Management, we understand that immunization is the main method to assure a certain yield in a future date departing from an initial portfolio. Although the objective of passive strategies is to design a portfolio that will achieve the performance of a predetermined benchmark, active bond management strategies rely on expectations of interest rate movements or changes in yield–spread relationships. However, the variation of the duration increases the risk of a portfolio, that why the decision maker will have to choose the combination of expected return and risk which provides the higher utility. Finally, the construction of a fuzzy return risk map will allow the decision maker to know the over risk and the over return as regards immunization strategy for each duration and for each risk aversion of the decision maker. The construction of a risk return map presents the results in an appropriate way. It will help the decision maker to choose the best duration for the decision maker interest rate forecast. Finally, this methodology is applied to the Spanish debt so that the decision maker can select the duration that brings him a greater preference2024-03-27T10:57:06ZA fuzzy quality cost estimation methodBrotons, José M.Sansalvador, Manuel E.https://hdl.handle.net/11000/318562024-03-28T02:02:04Z2024-03-27T10:45:45ZTítulo : A fuzzy quality cost estimation method
Autor : Brotons, José M.; Sansalvador, Manuel E.
Resumen : Quality cost control is one of the most important aspects in the development of a quality management system. This paper presents a method for the estimation of quality cost that aims to take into account the so-called hidden quality costs, which are typically unobserved or unknown. Although this is a subject that has already been approached in other studies, subjectivity and uncertainty are not included in their formal approach, which any attempt to address hidden quality costs should include. Our methodology begins by observing the position each business occupies in Crosby’s Quality Management Maturity Grid. Obtaining the stage index on the basis of the experts’ opinions permits the valuation of the company’s membership for each of the stages of Crosby’s Maturity Grid. The application of Crosby’s corrector coefficient to an adequate weighting of the stage index makes it possible to obtain the fuzzy number quality cost. The measures obtained and their short-term predictions enable us to know the situation at all times and act accordingly, establishing precise corrective plans that will correct tendencies and make continuous improvement possible.2024-03-27T10:45:45ZEffects of shade screens and mulching on the color change of fruits from “Fino 49” lemon trees irrigated with water of different salinity or irrigation regimesSimon Grao, SilviaSimon, I.Lidon, V.Conesa, A.Manera, J.Brotons Martínez, José ManuelMartinez Nicolas, Juan JoseGarcia-Sanchez, F.https://hdl.handle.net/11000/318552024-03-28T02:02:03Z2024-03-27T10:43:26ZTítulo : Effects of shade screens and mulching on the color change of fruits from “Fino 49” lemon trees irrigated with water of different salinity or irrigation regimes
Autor : Simon Grao, Silvia; Simon, I.; Lidon, V.; Conesa, A.; Manera, J.; Brotons Martínez, José Manuel; Martinez Nicolas, Juan Jose; Garcia-Sanchez, F.
Resumen : The external color of lemons is one of the most important attributes for the consumer. It is known that the natural process of de-greening mainly depends on the temperature, although other agronomic factors could also affect this process. Currently, citrus orchards in Eastern Spain suffer drought and salinity problems, and growers use a series of agronomic strategies − such as the use of tolerant rootstocks, shade screens, or mulching − to mitigate them. However, the effects of all these factors on the fruit color are unknown. “Fino 49” lemon trees were used to study the effects of the rootstock, shade screens, and mulching on the color of lemon fruits in two individual trials. In one trial, trees grafted on Citrus macrophylla (salt sensitive rootstock) were irrigated with water of different salinity levels (CE: 0.8, 3.8, and 6.8 dS/m) and, in the second trial, trees grafted on Sour orange (a drought sensitive rootstock) were watered under different watering regimes (100% ETc, 60% ETc, and 40% ETc). Measurements of the a*, b*, and L* coordinates during the development of the fruit in two consecutive growing seasons were taken. Also, the water potential and the concentration of chloride were measured in the leaves. The results show that the start of color change was only dependent on the minimum average temperature in a period of 14 days, regardless of the rootstock. However, the final fruit color was altered by some of the factors assayed. The use of shade screens produced fruits that were less yellow than those subjected to mulching or grown in open field. For the trees under the shade screens, the drought treatments also negatively affected the de-greening process, as greenish fruits were produced. In contrast, trees grown in the open and watered with salt-treated water produced fruits that were more yellow than the fruits grown normally. The results indicate that excess solar radiation or a severe decrease in the leaf water potential diminished fruit coloration, while a high concentration of foliar Cl- accelerated the de-greening process.2024-03-27T10:43:26ZCost–benefit analysis of tomato in soilless
culture systems with saline water under
greenhouse conditionsCámara-Zapata, José-MaríaBrotons, José M.Simón Grao, SilviaMartinez Nicolas, Juan JoseGarcía-Sánchez, Franciscohttps://hdl.handle.net/11000/318542024-03-28T02:02:02Z2024-03-27T10:41:45ZTítulo : Cost–benefit analysis of tomato in soilless
culture systems with saline water under
greenhouse conditions
Autor : Cámara-Zapata, José-María; Brotons, José M.; Simón Grao, Silvia; Martinez Nicolas, Juan Jose; García-Sánchez, Francisco
Resumen : BACKGROUND: The current need to produce food for a growing population, from diminishing natural resources, such as
water and energy, and with minimum environmental degradation, demands the optimization of production. We compare the
economic feasibility of tomato production in an open system with a perlite substrate, a closed system with the nutrient film
technique (NFT), and a hydroponic crop (deep flowtechnique,DFT) using three levels of salinity that are found within the normal
range for irrigation water quality in southeastern Spain.
RESULTS: Production with DFT resulted in an increase in the cost of phytosanitary treatments and the cost of maintenance.
Production with perlite resulted in an increase in the cost of irrigation water and fertilization, and the use of NFT resulted in
an increase in energy costs. The point of price equilibrium was exceeded in the three soilless systems when using low salinity
water, and in perlite, with intermediate salinity water.
CONCLUSION: Profitability was reduced in the following order: perlite > NFT>DFT. There were positive results when using
irrigation water with low salinity, and in the case of perlite, with intermediate salinity. In every case, salinity reduced the
profitability of the operation, and this was greater when NFT was employed. The analysis of these soilless systems should be
continued to determine the possibility of reducing cultivation costs.2024-03-27T10:41:45Z